
A Prospective Observational Study on Viral Conjunctivitis: An Exasperating Entity
NC06-NC09
Correspondence
Dr. Aeshvarya Dhawan,
Senior Consultant, Department of Ophthalmology, ASG Eye Hospitals, Dehradun-248001, Uttarakhand, India.
E-mail: aeshvarya.dhawan@gmail.com
Introduction: The community outburst and rising numbers of viral conjunctivitis cases every year indicate a lack of social awareness, as well as inappropriate diagnosing and treatment modalities.
Aim: To analyse the clinical profile of viral conjunctivitis patients attending the Ophthalmic Outpatient Department (OPD) of a tertiary care hospital to appraise clinical practice guidelines.
Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in the Department of Ophthalmology, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India over a period of three months, from June 1, 2023, to August 31, 2023. A total of 586 patients (time-bound study) were diagnosed with viral conjunctivitis who visited the eye OPD and were enrolled after providing informed consent. Following inclusion, the patients underwent a detailed history and ocular examination. The demographic and clinical profiles were tabulated and analysed. The treatment of referred/already treated cases was also analysed. Categorical variables were presented in numbers and percentages (%). The data were entered into an MS Excel spreadsheet, and analysis was conducted using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0 software.
Results: A total of 586 cases of viral conjunctivitis were reported. Out of these, 263 were newly diagnosed, while 323 cases were already under treatment. The maximum number of cases were between 10 and 20 years of age, with 172 (29.35%) patients. Gender-wise distribution of cases shows that there were 341 (58.19%) males and 245 (41.81%) females. Pain, redness, and watering were the unanimous presenting symptoms. The most common signs were follicles and conjunctival congestion in all 586 (100%) cases, followed by lid swelling. Out of 323 (55.11%) cases already under treatment from elsewhere, 16 (4.95%) cases had been treated by general practitioners. Of these 323 cases, the majority were prescribed a combination of topical antibiotic drops, topical steroids, and topical artificial tear drops in 148 (45.82%) cases, followed by a combination of topical antibiotic drops and topical steroid drops in 65 (20.12%) cases.
Conclusion: The essential finding in the current study was that close to 46% of the cases were using a cocktail of medications that included topical steroids. Moreover, 4.95% of cases had been treated by general practitioners. Proper guidelines for diagnosis and treatment are urgently needed. Policy formulation by regulatory health authorities is required. The significance of raising awareness among the general public and school authorities/staff should not be overlooked.