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Authors are the souls of any journal, and deserve much respect. To publish a journal manuscripts are needed from authors. Authors have a great responsibility for producing facts of their work in terms of number and results truthfully and an individual honesty is expected from authors in this regards. Both ways its true "No authors-No manuscripts-No journals" and "No journals–No manuscripts–No authors". Reviewing a manuscript is also a very responsible and important task of any peer-reviewed journal and to be taken seriously. It needs knowledge on the subject, sincerity, honesty and determination. Although the process of reviewing a manuscript is a time consuming task butit is expected to give one's best remarks within the time frame of the journal.
Salient features of the JCDR: It is a biomedical, multidisciplinary (including all medical and dental specialities), e-journal, with wide scope and extensive author support. At the same time, a free text of manuscript is available in HTML and PDF format. There is fast growing authorship and readership with JCDR as this can be judged by the number of articles published in it i e; in Feb 2007 of its first issue, it contained 5 articles only, and now in its recent volume published in April 2011, it contained 67 manuscripts. This e-journal is fulfilling the commitments and objectives sincerely, (as stated by Editor-in-chief in his preface to first edition) i e; to encourage physicians through the internet, especially from the developing countries who witness a spectrum of disease and acquire a wealth of knowledge to publish their experiences to benefit the medical community in patients care. I also feel that many of us have work of substance, newer ideas, adequate clinical materials but poor in medical writing and hesitation to submit the work and need help. JCDR provides authors help in this regards.
Timely publication of journal: Publication of manuscripts and bringing out the issue in time is one of the positive aspects of JCDR and is possible with strong support team in terms of peer reviewers, proof reading, language check, computer operators, etc. This is one of the great reasons for authors to submit their work with JCDR. Another best part of JCDR is "Online first Publications" facilities available for the authors. This facility not only provides the prompt publications of the manuscripts but at the same time also early availability of the manuscripts for the readers.
Indexation and online availability: Indexation transforms the journal in some sense from its local ownership to the worldwide professional community and to the public.JCDR is indexed with Embase & EMbiology, Google Scholar, Index Copernicus, Chemical Abstracts Service, Journal seek Database, Indian Science Abstracts, to name few of them. Manuscriptspublished in JCDR are available on major search engines ie; google, yahoo, msn.
In the era of fast growing newer technologies, and in computer and internet friendly environment the manuscripts preparation, submission, review, revision, etc and all can be done and checked with a click from all corer of the world, at any time. Of course there is always a scope for improvement in every field and none is perfect. To progress, one needs to identify the areas of one's weakness and to strengthen them.
It is well said that "happy beginning is half done" and it fits perfectly with JCDR. It has grown considerably and I feel it has already grown up from its infancy to adolescence, achieving the status of standard online e-journal form Indian continent since its inception in Feb 2007. This had been made possible due to the efforts and the hard work put in it. The way the JCDR is improving with every new volume, with good quality original manuscripts, makes it a quality journal for readers. I must thank and congratulate Dr Hemant Jain, Editor-in-Chief JCDR and his team for their sincere efforts, dedication, and determination for making JCDR a fast growing journal.
Every one of us: authors, reviewers, editors, and publisher are responsible for enhancing the stature of the journal. I wish for a great success for JCDR."
Thanking you
With sincere regards
Dr. Rajendra Kumar Ghritlaharey, M.S., M. Ch., FAIS
Associate Professor,
Department of Paediatric Surgery, Gandhi Medical College & Associated
Kamla Nehru & Hamidia Hospitals Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 001 (India)
E-mail: drrajendrak1@rediffmail.com
On May 11,2011
Dr. Shankar P.R.
"On looking back through my Gmail archives after being requested by the journal to write a short editorial about my experiences of publishing with the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR), I came across an e-mail from Dr. Hemant Jain, Editor, in March 2007, which introduced the new electronic journal. The main features of the journal which were outlined in the e-mail were extensive author support, cash rewards, the peer review process, and other salient features of the journal.
Over a span of over four years, we (I and my colleagues) have published around 25 articles in the journal. In this editorial, I plan to briefly discuss my experiences of publishing with JCDR and the strengths of the journal and to finally address the areas for improvement.
My experiences of publishing with JCDR: Overall, my experiences of publishing withJCDR have been positive. The best point about the journal is that it responds to queries from the author. This may seem to be simple and not too much to ask for, but unfortunately, many journals in the subcontinent and from many developing countries do not respond or they respond with a long delay to the queries from the authors 1. The reasons could be many, including lack of optimal secretarial and other support. Another problem with many journals is the slowness of the review process. Editorial processing and peer review can take anywhere between a year to two years with some journals. Also, some journals do not keep the contributors informed about the progress of the review process. Due to the long review process, the articles can lose their relevance and topicality. A major benefit with JCDR is the timeliness and promptness of its response. In Dr Jain's e-mail which was sent to me in 2007, before the introduction of the Pre-publishing system, he had stated that he had received my submission and that he would get back to me within seven days and he did!
Most of the manuscripts are published within 3 to 4 months of their submission if they are found to be suitable after the review process. JCDR is published bimonthly and the accepted articles were usually published in the next issue. Recently, due to the increased volume of the submissions, the review process has become slower and it ?? Section can take from 4 to 6 months for the articles to be reviewed. The journal has an extensive author support system and it has recently introduced a paid expedited review process. The journal also mentions the average time for processing the manuscript under different submission systems - regular submission and expedited review.
Strengths of the journal: The journal has an online first facility in which the accepted manuscripts may be published on the website before being included in a regular issue of the journal. This cuts down the time between their acceptance and the publication. The journal is indexed in many databases, though not in PubMed. The editorial board should now take steps to index the journal in PubMed. The journal has a system of notifying readers through e-mail when a new issue is released. Also, the articles are available in both the HTML and the PDF formats. I especially like the new and colorful page format of the journal. Also, the access statistics of the articles are available. The prepublication and the manuscript tracking system are also helpful for the authors.
Areas for improvement: In certain cases, I felt that the peer review process of the manuscripts was not up to international standards and that it should be strengthened. Also, the number of manuscripts in an issue is high and it may be difficult for readers to go through all of them. The journal can consider tightening of the peer review process and increasing the quality standards for the acceptance of the manuscripts. I faced occasional problems with the online manuscript submission (Pre-publishing) system, which have to be addressed.
Overall, the publishing process with JCDR has been smooth, quick and relatively hassle free and I can recommend other authors to consider the journal as an outlet for their work."
Dr. P. Ravi Shankar
KIST Medical College, P.O. Box 14142, Kathmandu, Nepal.
E-mail: ravi.dr.shankar@gmail.com
On April 2011 Anuradha
Dear team JCDR, I would like to thank you for the very professional and polite service provided by everyone at JCDR. While i have been in the field of writing and editing for sometime, this has been my first attempt in publishing a scientific paper.Thank you for hand-holding me through the process.
Dr. Anuradha
E-mail: anuradha2nittur@gmail.com
On Jan 2020
Case report
Full Version
Arachnoid Cyst: A Solitary Intracranial Cyst in the Occipital Lobe of the Cerebrum in a Cadaver
Correspondence Address :
Dr. MV Ravishankar,
Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, JSS Medical College, JSS AHER,
Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
E-mail: ravishmvrs40@gmail.com
Cyst is a closed sac, having distinct envelop; they may be filled with air, fluid, semi-solid material etc. Often cyst is a self-limiting and uneventful condition; they may get resolve with some time duration. If they fail to self-limit by themselves, depending on its size and location it needs timely surgical intervention. A cerebral cyst is a lesion with fluid filled sac in the brain. It may be benign, or malignant. This may be filled with blood, pus, Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), etc. Intracranial arachnoid cysts are congenital lesions of an arachnoid membrane which accounts for 1% of cases of intracranial space occupying lesions. Clinically, a brain cyst may remain silent, often it is an accidental finding on radiological investigations which are correlated in the patients with a history of vague neurological complaints. Often, headaches are a chronic complaint presented with underlying causative factors ranging from psychological stress to severe neurological deficits. The primary brain cyst that exists congenitally by birth will have no definite causality; a secondary brain cyst may exist with diversified aetiological factors including trauma. Elucidation of chronic symptoms dominated with migraine-like headache is very much essential; despite showing a good relief with a palliative treatment it will warrant clinicians to rule out cerebral cystic lesions. Such accidental findings during the dissections set as a natural cadaveric illustration, which build curiosity, and motivation among preclinical student learning from the point of integration of basic subjects. One such case of the cerebral cyst was found during the dissection in the Department of Anatomy, JSS Medical College, Mysuru, Karnataka, India. The present case is of a 70-year-old male cadaver diagnosed with the arachnoid cerebral cyst along with other varieties of cystic brain swellings.
Cerebral cyst, Migraine, Psychology
The dissection of a 70-year-old male cadaver was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, JSS Medical College, Mysuru, Karnataka, India. The whole brain was removed from the cranial cavity. Later meningeal coverings of the brain were studied and dissected completely. The external brain surface was exposed, and its features were studied, and it is followed by sagittal section of the brain made by cutting through the corpus callosum. Later, a small swelling about 4x3 cm was recognised on the right cerebral hemisphere of the brain (Table/Fig 1). It was in the region of the posterior pole of the cerebral hemisphere occupying the posteromedial aspect of the occipital lobe. The swelling was whitish, filled with a transparent fluid, which drained on excision. Histopathological examination under Haemotoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining, showed thick densely arranged fibro-collagen connective tissues and its walls were lined by meningothelial cells. It was confirmed as arachnoid cystic lesion of the brain (Table/Fig 2).
A cerebral cyst is a lesion with a fluid filled sac in the brain which may be benign or malignant. A cyst may be filled with blood, pus, CSF, etc. Based on the underlying factors of origin of cysts, they are seen as congenital cysts, vascular cysts, haemorrhagic cysts, traumatic cysts, infectious cysts, etc. A cyst has a distinct membrane and is separated from nearby tissue. Varieties of nervous system cysts of developmental origin are encountered like epidermoid, colloid, arachnoid, neurenteric, ependymal, glial, Rathke’s cyst, etc. Benign cysts are recognised through advanced neuroimaging methods, but the malignant change in the brain cysts is a rare phenomenon (1),(2).
The brain cystic metastatic lesions are often accompanied by co-morbidities with the patients surviving from a long term illness like cancer, where the radiological investigation Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was found to be a good choice to characterise and diagnose the lesions (3). Arachnoid cyst is one such cerebral cystic lesions anatomically connected with the arachnoid mater of the cerebral meninges (4). Hence, such nervous system anomalies in the dissecting cadavers are the real motivator of application of knowledge of basic medical subjects in the direction of clinical case understanding.
Intracranial arachnoid cysts are congenital lesions of arachnoid membrane which accounts for 1% of cases of intracranial space occupying lesions. It contains CSF lined by arachnoid cells with collagen fibres in its wall (5). Incidence of arachnoid cysts is not only attributed to the brain but can also be seen with the spinal cord. They can be seen extradural or intradural in location. A rare case of the extradural arachnoid cyst was noticed in a young girl aged 13 years without a history of trauma or co-morbidities. It was a protrusion of the arachnoid mater through the defective outer covering of duramater. Clinically, it was manifested with progressive paraesthesia, deep sensory loss, clonus, etc. Radiological investigations were suggestive of significant compression at thoracic spine T6-T9 levels. The compression was relieved by laminectomy with a good prognosis (6).
Retrospective review of some cases of arachnoid cysts have revealed the history of trauma during infancy, they have recalled their past incidences of head injury by falling, slipping, motor vehicle accidents, etc. Most of these arachnoid cysts were seen in the suprasellar region of the middle cranial fossa or posterior cranial fossa of the cranial cavity (7).
The cerebral cysts may show their adverse impact on childhood learning, which can jeopardise potential student academic milestones. A prospective follow-up case-series study was conducted on a paediatric patient age group between 6-13 years with cerebral temporal arachnoid cyst. These patients were having clinical symptoms attributing to neurological, neuro-ophthalmic, and neuropsychiatric findings. The suitable patients who had undergone open micro neurosurgical fenestration were evaluated for postoperative cognitive changes. A follow-up study was conducted for one year, the neuropsychological assessment targeting the language articulation, visual ability and verbal memory was done by using a standard evaluation scale, indicating the benefit of early surgical intervention (8). Among different varieties of brain cysts, the glioependymal cyst is one of the rare varieties of benign malformation. It was seen in a 10-year-old child with the main symptom of headache along with epileptic seizures. Interestingly, it was associated with dysgenesis of the corpus callosum of the brain noticed under MRI scan (9).
Cerebral cyst with brain developmental malformation may show an impact on the functional and cognitive abilities of an individual. Extracerebral cysts occupies various sites in the cavity of the skull. A rare case of a right glioendyal cyst was unusually recognised as an interesting finding on radiological examination. It was located at the cerebellopontine angle causing the compression of the brain stem along with the right glossopharyngeal nerve (10).
Arachnoid cyst may exist without neurological signs and symptoms showing the involvement of nerves. The patient’s higher brain functions may remain intact. A case of a 14-year-old child was presented with the symptoms of headache, vomiting; physical examination was showing no abnormal motor and sensory disabilities. On radiological examinations, they found a retro-cerebellar arachnoid cyst in the posterior cranial fossa (11). In connection with choroid plexus, a spatial cyst can be appreciated in the ventricular cavity of the brain as choroidal fissure cyst which exists independently as a small bubbling and arises in connection with the choroidal plexus away from the brain parenchyma. The choroidal cysts can be differentiated well from other lesions. These types of cysts may be appreciated incidentally as an unusual radiological finding, generally with no clinical manifestations (12). Depending on the location and size of the brain cyst, its symptoms may attribute to cerebral compression causing sensorimotor deficit, or it may be of non specific in nature like headache, dizziness, etc. Postoperatively, cyst depression has resulted in improvement in neurocognitive skills like learning, memory, psychomotor ability, and visual perception etc., (13).
Among different types of headaches, cluster headache is a primary symptom with vague and unknown underlying clinical pathology. It requires prompt and appropriate management thorough clinical evaluation to rule out conditions like cerebral cyst (14). The arachnoid cyst may exist as, complete communicating, incomplete communicating, and non communicating in its presentation. Its diagnostic evaluation can be done through Magnetic Resonance Cisternography (MRC) by using intrathecal dye injection, which plays an important role in surgical management (15). Confirmed cases of arachnoid cysts can be handled surgically with a procedure of fenestration, cystic peritoneal shunting, and cysto atrial shunting. All these surgical procedures are equally beneficial in taming the condition by manipulating the cystic volume reduction (16).
The cerebral cortex plays an important role in the higher functions of the brain. It is distributed with vast somesthetic and motor functional areas occupying the occipital lobe of the cerebral hemisphere. It is an important site of primary and secondary cortical visual sensory areas. It is prone to show adverse clinical events like vascular impairment, trauma, tumour, cyst, etc. Among them cerebral cysts are often incidental radiological findings, their clinical manifestations depending on their location and size. Early clinical signs and symptoms of suspected cerebral cysts need to be screened thoroughly; it requires an early surgical decompression that can further improve overall neurological and psychological abilities especially in individuals in younger age groups.
DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2022/51377.15889
Date of Submission: Jul 23, 2021
Date of Peer Review: Aug 20, 2021
Date of Acceptance: Nov 12, 2021
Date of Publishing: Jan 01, 2022
AUTHOR DECLARATION:
• Financial or Other Competing Interests: None
• Was informed consent obtained from the subjects involved in the study? NA
• For any images presented appropriate consent has been obtained from the subjects. NA
PLAGIARISM CHECKING METHODS:
• Plagiarism X-checker: Jul 24, 2021
• Manual Googling: Nov 11, 2021
• iThenticate Software: Dec 23, 2021 (4%)
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