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Authors are the souls of any journal, and deserve much respect. To publish a journal manuscripts are needed from authors. Authors have a great responsibility for producing facts of their work in terms of number and results truthfully and an individual honesty is expected from authors in this regards. Both ways its true "No authors-No manuscripts-No journals" and "No journals–No manuscripts–No authors". Reviewing a manuscript is also a very responsible and important task of any peer-reviewed journal and to be taken seriously. It needs knowledge on the subject, sincerity, honesty and determination. Although the process of reviewing a manuscript is a time consuming task butit is expected to give one's best remarks within the time frame of the journal.
Salient features of the JCDR: It is a biomedical, multidisciplinary (including all medical and dental specialities), e-journal, with wide scope and extensive author support. At the same time, a free text of manuscript is available in HTML and PDF format. There is fast growing authorship and readership with JCDR as this can be judged by the number of articles published in it i e; in Feb 2007 of its first issue, it contained 5 articles only, and now in its recent volume published in April 2011, it contained 67 manuscripts. This e-journal is fulfilling the commitments and objectives sincerely, (as stated by Editor-in-chief in his preface to first edition) i e; to encourage physicians through the internet, especially from the developing countries who witness a spectrum of disease and acquire a wealth of knowledge to publish their experiences to benefit the medical community in patients care. I also feel that many of us have work of substance, newer ideas, adequate clinical materials but poor in medical writing and hesitation to submit the work and need help. JCDR provides authors help in this regards.
Timely publication of journal: Publication of manuscripts and bringing out the issue in time is one of the positive aspects of JCDR and is possible with strong support team in terms of peer reviewers, proof reading, language check, computer operators, etc. This is one of the great reasons for authors to submit their work with JCDR. Another best part of JCDR is "Online first Publications" facilities available for the authors. This facility not only provides the prompt publications of the manuscripts but at the same time also early availability of the manuscripts for the readers.
Indexation and online availability: Indexation transforms the journal in some sense from its local ownership to the worldwide professional community and to the public.JCDR is indexed with Embase & EMbiology, Google Scholar, Index Copernicus, Chemical Abstracts Service, Journal seek Database, Indian Science Abstracts, to name few of them. Manuscriptspublished in JCDR are available on major search engines ie; google, yahoo, msn.
In the era of fast growing newer technologies, and in computer and internet friendly environment the manuscripts preparation, submission, review, revision, etc and all can be done and checked with a click from all corer of the world, at any time. Of course there is always a scope for improvement in every field and none is perfect. To progress, one needs to identify the areas of one's weakness and to strengthen them.
It is well said that "happy beginning is half done" and it fits perfectly with JCDR. It has grown considerably and I feel it has already grown up from its infancy to adolescence, achieving the status of standard online e-journal form Indian continent since its inception in Feb 2007. This had been made possible due to the efforts and the hard work put in it. The way the JCDR is improving with every new volume, with good quality original manuscripts, makes it a quality journal for readers. I must thank and congratulate Dr Hemant Jain, Editor-in-Chief JCDR and his team for their sincere efforts, dedication, and determination for making JCDR a fast growing journal.
Every one of us: authors, reviewers, editors, and publisher are responsible for enhancing the stature of the journal. I wish for a great success for JCDR."
Thanking you
With sincere regards
Dr. Rajendra Kumar Ghritlaharey, M.S., M. Ch., FAIS
Associate Professor,
Department of Paediatric Surgery, Gandhi Medical College & Associated
Kamla Nehru & Hamidia Hospitals Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 001 (India)
E-mail: drrajendrak1@rediffmail.com
On May 11,2011
Dr. Shankar P.R.
"On looking back through my Gmail archives after being requested by the journal to write a short editorial about my experiences of publishing with the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR), I came across an e-mail from Dr. Hemant Jain, Editor, in March 2007, which introduced the new electronic journal. The main features of the journal which were outlined in the e-mail were extensive author support, cash rewards, the peer review process, and other salient features of the journal.
Over a span of over four years, we (I and my colleagues) have published around 25 articles in the journal. In this editorial, I plan to briefly discuss my experiences of publishing with JCDR and the strengths of the journal and to finally address the areas for improvement.
My experiences of publishing with JCDR: Overall, my experiences of publishing withJCDR have been positive. The best point about the journal is that it responds to queries from the author. This may seem to be simple and not too much to ask for, but unfortunately, many journals in the subcontinent and from many developing countries do not respond or they respond with a long delay to the queries from the authors 1. The reasons could be many, including lack of optimal secretarial and other support. Another problem with many journals is the slowness of the review process. Editorial processing and peer review can take anywhere between a year to two years with some journals. Also, some journals do not keep the contributors informed about the progress of the review process. Due to the long review process, the articles can lose their relevance and topicality. A major benefit with JCDR is the timeliness and promptness of its response. In Dr Jain's e-mail which was sent to me in 2007, before the introduction of the Pre-publishing system, he had stated that he had received my submission and that he would get back to me within seven days and he did!
Most of the manuscripts are published within 3 to 4 months of their submission if they are found to be suitable after the review process. JCDR is published bimonthly and the accepted articles were usually published in the next issue. Recently, due to the increased volume of the submissions, the review process has become slower and it ?? Section can take from 4 to 6 months for the articles to be reviewed. The journal has an extensive author support system and it has recently introduced a paid expedited review process. The journal also mentions the average time for processing the manuscript under different submission systems - regular submission and expedited review.
Strengths of the journal: The journal has an online first facility in which the accepted manuscripts may be published on the website before being included in a regular issue of the journal. This cuts down the time between their acceptance and the publication. The journal is indexed in many databases, though not in PubMed. The editorial board should now take steps to index the journal in PubMed. The journal has a system of notifying readers through e-mail when a new issue is released. Also, the articles are available in both the HTML and the PDF formats. I especially like the new and colorful page format of the journal. Also, the access statistics of the articles are available. The prepublication and the manuscript tracking system are also helpful for the authors.
Areas for improvement: In certain cases, I felt that the peer review process of the manuscripts was not up to international standards and that it should be strengthened. Also, the number of manuscripts in an issue is high and it may be difficult for readers to go through all of them. The journal can consider tightening of the peer review process and increasing the quality standards for the acceptance of the manuscripts. I faced occasional problems with the online manuscript submission (Pre-publishing) system, which have to be addressed.
Overall, the publishing process with JCDR has been smooth, quick and relatively hassle free and I can recommend other authors to consider the journal as an outlet for their work."
Dr. P. Ravi Shankar
KIST Medical College, P.O. Box 14142, Kathmandu, Nepal.
E-mail: ravi.dr.shankar@gmail.com
On April 2011 Anuradha
Dear team JCDR, I would like to thank you for the very professional and polite service provided by everyone at JCDR. While i have been in the field of writing and editing for sometime, this has been my first attempt in publishing a scientific paper.Thank you for hand-holding me through the process.
Dr. Anuradha
E-mail: anuradha2nittur@gmail.com
On Jan 2020
Case report
Full Version
Solitary Bone Cyst of Maxilla in a 12-year-old Child: A Case Report
Correspondence Address :
Dr. Anukrati Doneria,
A-7, Balaji Puram, Shahganj, Agra, Bilaspur-282001, Chhattisgarh, India.
E-mail: doneria.anu21@gmail.com
Solitary Bone Cyst (SBC) are the bony cysts which lack epithelial lining. They are also known as simple bone cysts or pseudocyst. This fluid filled lesions, lies in an intact bony wall. These lesions are not a common clinical finding and are frequently discovered by chance in radiographs during routine examinations. The aetiopathogenesis has not been studied in depth, and the management remains controversial. When presented in oral cavity, the most common site of occurrence is body of mandible with 75% occurrence among jaw bones while prevalence in maxilla is only 1% in the jaw bone. In this case report, solitary bone cyst is presented in a 12-year-old male patient, who came with chief complaint of bony enlargement on buccal aspect of maxilla in the posterior region. The lesion presented as a painless swelling for three months gradually increasing in size. The patient was treated with surgical excision and there was no sign of regional recurrence at three months of postoperative follow-up. In this paper, the authors presented a rare case report of solitary bone cyst in maxilla in a paediatric patient.
Bony lesions, Cysts in children, Cysts of oral cavity, Oral lesions, Simple bone cyst
A 12-year-old male patient, reported to the Outpatient Department with the chief complain of an enlargement present on right side of the upper jaw since three months which was not associated with any pain but patient was concerned due to increasing size of the lesion as it was creating problems in masticatory functions and aesthetics (Table/Fig 1). On taking history, it was revealed that patient did not have any history of trauma, also there were no associated symptoms present. Patient noticed that the swelling enlarged rapidly within two to three months from a small nodular growth to a large bony mass. There was no significant past medical history and no family history of similar occurrence. Patient was completely well on physical examination.
The extraoral examination of child revealed leptoproscopic facial form with mesocephalic head form. Lips were competent and no facial asymmetry was observed. The patient was otherwise healthy. Intraoral examination of oral cavity presented late mixed dentition and revealed a unilateral enlargement present on posterior aspect of maxillary bone on buccal cortical plate involving tooth number 14, 55, 16 and region posterior to tooth number 16 extending upto the maxillary tuberosity. The enlargement was bony hard on palpation, non tender, non mobile. The overlying mucosa was thin and blanched. The lesion had clear boundaries with a diameter of 1.5 cm. The teeth 11,12,13,14,16 were vital on conducting vitality tests using electric pulp tester.
Also, there was no history of pain or sensitivity associated with any of the teeth adjacent to the area of lesion. Patient presented with Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), obtained from previous hospital, which showed a radiolucent unilateral lesion on the right side, confined to the posterior region of maxilla on the buccal aspect covering the roots of premolar and molar teeth, with defined borders (Table/Fig 2). On the basis of radiological findings, the differential diagnosis was made as ameloblastoma, keratocystic odontogenic tumor, myxoma, and central giant cell granuloma. With available clinical and radiographic findings, the clinical diagnosis of SBC was made. After taking an informed consent, the patient was scheduled for excisional biopsy under general anaesthesia, the treatment was planned to remove the bony mass.
A full thickness flap was raised to expose the lesion adequately. Using a bone cutting carbide bur no. 702 SS white, the bony growth was cut under continuous saline irrigation, using bone filer the rough edges of the surrounding bone were smoothened and the granulation tissues were curated using a curate. Once the smoothening is done, the area was washed thoroughly with iodine and saline solution in 1:1 proportion. The flap was closed with sutures which was followed by the placement of the periodontal dressing (Table/Fig 3). Size of excised lesion was 1.5 cm in diameter (Table/Fig 4), the lesion was then sent for biopsy for the confirmation of pathology and final diagnosis. Histopathological examination showed the fragments of bony trabeculae with fibrous septa lacking any lining epithelium, these findings were consistent with the diagnostic histological features of SBC thus confirming the final diagnosis of solitary bone cyst (Table/Fig 5), (Table/Fig 6).
Antibiotics, analgesics and mouthwash were prescribed for next seven days and patient was kept on a liquid diet. No postoperative complications were noticed and patient was discharged the next day. Follow-up appointment was scheduled after 10 days of surgery and suture removal was done. Tissue appeared healing and patient was asymptomatic after 10 days. The lesion healed uneventfully and no postoperative complications were seen after three months follow-up (Table/Fig 7), (Table/Fig 8).
Solitary Bone Cyst (SBC) was described as an entity in 1929 by Lucas. The diagnostic criteria were first established in 1946 by Rushton (1),(2). This is an idiopathic cyst, also considered as a pseudocyst. Some other names include traumatic bone cyst, simple bone cyst, haemorrhagic bone cyst, haemorrhagic cyst, idiopathic bone cavity and unicameral bone cyst. The term “solitary bone cysts” was recommended by international (3). SBC are intraosseous pseudocyst having a connective tissue lining without any epithelial lining, from inside it is either empty or filled with blood, serum, or serosanguineous liquid (2),(4).
The SBC are commonly found in other parts of skeleton, normally in the medulla of long bones (90-95%) with a high prevalence in the proximal metaphyseal region of the humerus (65%) and the diaphyseal axis of the femur (25%) (5),(6). Only 10% occurs in the jaws; 75% of these occurs in the body of mandible, more frequently involving the posterior region and less common in the anterior mandible/mandibular symphysis. In the body of mandible, the second premolar is the most common location (5). Only 1% of maxillary cysts constitutes solitary bone cysts, with most reported cases in the anterior region than posterior region and therefore, the presented case added an important contribution. The occurrence of SBC majorly happens during second decade of life without any sex discrimination (7),(8),(9). However, some authors reported male predilection with male:female ratio of 1.6:1. Seen more commonly in Asian and black females according to Howey’s analysis (10).
The lesions of SBC are commonly asymptomatic; however, some authors have reported complains of pain, tooth sensitivity and paresthesia associated with displacement of the inferior dental canal (10). As reported by Forssell K et al, in 1988, 30% of SBC cases there was presence of pain in the affected area (11).
Three main theories have been speculated to explain the aetiopathogenesis of SBC as: a) abnormal osseous growth b) degenerating tumoral process c) A particular factor triggering haemorrhagic trauma (12). However, the most accepted theory is intermedullary haemorrhage. In SBC the haemotoma fails to organize in marrow space leading to liquefaction of clot and necrosis of bone marrow which causes trabecular resorption by osteoclastic activity. Following this, there is increase in osmotic pressure which is due to the breakdown products of haemolysis, the increased osmotic pressure leads to transudation and cyst formation (13),(14). Therefore, most of the SBC develops after trauma or previous injuries. The spongy bone contains haemopoietic marrow and gets enclosed in heavy compact cortical layer, this explains the common occurrence of SBC in mandible and in young people and children (13).
Most widely accepted treatment for SBC is surgical exploration followed by curettage of the bony walls. The surgical exploration produces bleeding in the cavity and serves as diagnostic maneuver and a therapeutic therapy (15),(16). Resolution of the lesion depends upon size of the lesion and usually takes place in six months with a good prognosis and rare reoccurrence rate. Other approaches for the treatment include use of allogenic materials like lyophilized bone, hydroxyl-apatite or gel foam to fill the bone cavity in cases where conventional management fails and dental implant rehabilitation is required (17),(18). These cystic lesions are often asymptomatic without any complain of pain and diagnosed in routine radiographic examinations. Radiographically SBC presents radiolucent lesions mostly having well-defined margins and normal appearance (8).
It is very uncommon to see the presence of fistulas, root resorption, paresthesia, and pathological fractures in association with these lesions (18). CBCT aids in authentic radiographic diagnosis of SBC if orthopantomography fails to do so. Major complications have not been reported with these cystic lesions but extensive lesions can cause pathological bone fractures (19). The main radiographic feature is scalloping which is seen in the lesions that are extended towards the apex of roots. In extensive lesions, the cortical bone tends to be thinned due to intraosseous erosion without causing bone expansion or fracture (20).
In this case, the patient came with the chief complaint of unusual swelling on right side of the maxilla which gradually increased in size within two to three months. On clinical presentation the lesion was bony hard on palpation without any pain or tooth sensitivity. Also, patient did not provide any history of previous trauma. Surgical excision or curettage was the treatment of choice, therefore excisional biopsy of the lesion followed by curettage was chosen as treatment plan. Treatment was uneventful and the child did not present any complications after 3 months of follow-up. Similar case reports have been tabulated in (Table/Fig 9) (21),(22),(23).
Solitary bone cyst is considered as a pseudocyst without any epithelial lining. In this article, authors reported a rare case of 12-year-old male child with SBC in posterior region of maxilla including clinical, histopathological and radiographic findings along with treatment modalities.
DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2022/55750.16367
Date of Submission: Feb 22, 2022
Date of Peer Review: Mar 09, 2022
Date of Acceptance: Apr 04, 2022
Date of Publishing: May 01, 2022
AUTHOR DECLARATION:
• Financial or Other Competing Interests: None
• Was informed consent obtained from the subjects involved in the study? Yes
• For any images presented appropriate consent has been obtained from the subjects. Yes
PLAGIARISM CHECKING METHODS:
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