Year :
2021
| Month :
August
| Volume :
15
| Issue :
8
| Page :
EL01 - EL02
Full Version
Multinucleated Cells in PAP Smear- An Institutional Experience
Published: August 1, 2021 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2021/49804.15300
Aarthi Kannan, Vijayashree Raghavan, Jane Betsy Isaac, Ayeesha Sithika
1. Professor, Department of Pathology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
2. Professor, Department of Pathology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
3. Postgraduate, Department of Pathology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
4. Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Correspondence Address :
Dr. Vijayashree Raghavan,
D Block, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Health City, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Kelambakkam, Chennai-603103, Tamil Nadu, India.
E-mail: drvjshree@gmail.com
Keywords
Cervical cytology, Ciliary metaplasia, Cytopathology, Pleomorphology
Introduction
Dear Editor,
The cases which showed multinucleated cells in the papanicolaou smear, were collected after informed consent from the patients from the Department of Gynaecology during the past six months, and stained using papanicolaou staining method (1) were procured. These slides were identified and probable aetiology confirmed by two cytopathologists. The case details are shown in (Table/Fig 1). During the course of the study, it was noted, out of the 13 cases which had multinucleated cells, majority of the cases had reactive cellular changes due to inflammation, followed by atrophy, while one case had history of use of intrauterine contraceptive device, two had herpes infection and one had atypical glandular cell of uncertain significance. In the cases showing inflammation, binucleate and multinucleate cells were seen. The nuclei had regular nuclear contour, without nucleoli or pleomorphism. Some of the cells showed perinuclear halo and cytoplasmic vacuoles. In the case with intrauterine contraceptive device, multinucleate cells without pleomorphism or hyperchromasia were seen. In the cases showing ciliary metaplasia (Table/Fig 2), the multinucleate cells were columnar in shape with basally located multiple nuclei (3-5 nuclei). The nuclei were regular in shape, without atypia (Table/Fig 3). The cell had an end plate from which multiple cilia were seen. The cases with atrophy showed parabasal cells and occasional multinucleate cells with 2-3 nuclei without atypia. In the case with history of tamoxifen intake, changes associated with inflammation were seen along with clusters of small round blue cells with scant cytoplasm, round to oval nuclei with fine chromatin and inconspicuous nucleoli. Few clusters of benign endometrial cells were seen, but there were no malignant cells. In the case with herpes simplex infection, there were multinucleate cells, nuclear overlapping, moulding, intranuclear inclusions and ground glass appearance. The case with atypical glandular cells of uncertain significance showed cells with nucleomegaly, hyperchromasia and irregular nuclear contour. The differential diagnosis for the presence of multinucleated cells in cervical pap smears include atrophy, histiocytes collection, tissue repair, ciliary metaplasia, viral infections, granulomas, radiation, folic acid deficiency, syncytiotrophoblast cells and malignancy (2).
In cases with inflammation and atrophy multinucleation was seen with other reactive changes in intermediate cells as described in Bethesda system of reporting cervical cytology (3). The case with history of tamoxifen intake showed ‘small blue cells’ and multinucleate cells, which were similar to those described by Stewart LO et al., (4). The absence of atypical cells in the background and the round regular nucleus with dispersed chromatin in multinucleate cells ruled out malignancy in this case. The presence of multinucleation and reactive changes in pap smear of a case with intrauterine contraceptive device use were similar to those changes reported by Kishan Prasad HL (5). The changes include intracytoplasmic vacuoles, Intrauterine Device (IUD) cells, metaplastic cells, multinucleation and psammoma body formation. Tubal metaplastic cells were considered as a potential pitfall in cytological diagnosis (6), which mandated proper identification of these cells to avert biopsy. The findings in herpes simplex infection were similar to those reported by Coleman DV showing multinucleation with ground glass nucleus and intranuclear inclusions (7).
These findings suggest that cases with multinucleation in Papanicolaou Smear smear should be carefully screened and correlated with clinical history to prevent erroneous reporting of malignancies and subsequently subjecting the patient to unnecessary interventions.
Reference
| 1. | Bales CE. Laboratory Techniques. In: L.G. Koss, editor. Koss’ Diagnostic Cytology and it’s Histopathologic Basis, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health; 2006. Pp. 1592-93.
[ CrossRef] [ PubMed] | 2. | Hoda RS. Basic Cytology Principles. In: SA Hoda, RA Hoda, editors. Fundamentals of PAP test Cytology. New Jersey: Humana Press; 2007. Pp. 12.
| 3. | Daniel FI, et al. Non-neoplastic Findings. In: Ritu. N, David. CW, editors. The Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology, 3rded. New York, Springer; 2015. Pp. 29-90.
[ CrossRef] | 4. | Stewart LO, Jill C, Sandra KH, Diva RS. Small cells in cervical-vaginal smears of patients treated with tamoxifen. Cancer Cytopathology. 2001;93(1):23-28.
[ CrossRef] | 5. | Kishan Prasad HL. Intrauterine contraceptive device and the cervicovaginal smear- Exploring the enigma. Med J DY Patil Vidyapeeth. 2019;12:150-51.
[ CrossRef] | 6. | Novotny DB, Maygarden SJ, Johnson DE, Frable WJ. Tubal Metaplasia. A frequent potential pitfall in the cytological diagnosis of endocervical glandular dysplasia on cervical smears. Acta Cytol. 1992;36(1):01-10.
| 7. | Coleman DV. Cytological diagnosis of virus infected cells in papanicolauo smears and its application in clinical practice. J Clin Pathol. 1979;32:1075-89. [ CrossRef] [ PubMed] |
10.7860/JCDR/2021/49804.15300
Date of Submission: Apr 07, 2021
Date of Peer Review: May 13, 2021
Date of Acceptance: Jun 05, 2021
Date of Publishing: Aug 01, 2021
AUTHOR DECLARATION:
• Financial or Other Competing Interests: None
• Was informed consent obtained from the subjects involved in the study? Yes
• For any images presented appropriate consent has been obtained from the subjects. Yes
PLAGIARISM CHECKING METHODS:
• Plagiarism X-checker: Apr 10, 2021
• Manual Googling: Jun 04, 2021
• iThenticate Software: Jul 17, 2021 (16%)
ETYMOLOGY: Author Origin
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