Year :
2024
| Month :
July
| Volume :
18
| Issue :
7
| Page :
DC05 - DC08
Full Version
Comparison of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Garlic, Ginger, Cardamom Oil and Chlorhexidine against Streptococcus mutans: An In-vitro Study
Published: July 1, 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2024/68426.19598
Priyanka Singh, Laresh Mistry, Minakshi Bhattacharjee, VJ Kadam, Varsha M Jadhav, Ashwin M Jawdekar
1. Postgraduate Student, Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
2. Reader, Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
3. Professor, Department of Microbiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
4. Professor, Department of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
5. PhD Scholar, Department of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
6. Professor and Vice Principal, Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Correspondence Address :
Dr. Priyanka Singh,
A/403, Trident, Hitesh Apartment, Sanghani, Garden Lane, Ghatkopar West, Mumbai-400086, Maharashtra, India.
E-mail: prident3003@gmail.com
Abstract
Introduction: Essential herbs such as garlic, ginger, and cardamom have shown antimicrobial activity with no potential adverse effects and are cost-effective. Despite these advantages, the efficacy of these agents needs to be tested against common oral pathogenic microorganisms to ensure that if found effective, they can be used in clinical settings.
Aim: To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of garlic, ginger, and cardamom oils on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) against chlorhexidine.
Materials and Methods: An in-vitro study was conducted at Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, in the Department of Microbiology and Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India from January 2023 to September 2023. Oil extracts of garlic, ginger, and cardamom were loaded onto sterile filter paper discs measuring 6 mm in diameter in concentrations of 50 μL, 100 μL, and 200 μL. Additionally, 2% chlorhexidine (control group) was loaded onto similar sterile paper discs. The discs were dried and placed aseptically on culture media plates inoculated with S. mutans, and the plates were then incubated at 37°C overnight. Subsequently, the zones of inhibition were measured in millimeters.
Results: Ginger oil exhibited the highest zone of inhibition, measuring 25 mm, followed by cardamom oil and garlic oil measuring 18 mm and 12 mm, respectively, at a concentration of 200 μL. The zone of inhibition measured for 100 μL concentrations of garlic, ginger, and cardamom oils were 7 mm, 16 mm, and 13 mm, respectively. For 50 μL concentrations of the oils, the zones of inhibition for garlic, ginger, and cardamom were 0 mm, 13 mm, and 9 mm, respectively. The zone of inhibition shown by chlorhexidine was 22 mm for concentrations of 50 μL, 100 μL, and 200 μL.
Conclusion: Essential oil extracts from ginger, cardamom, and garlic were found to have antimicrobial activity against S. mutans, with ginger oil showing the highest effectiveness, followed by cardamom oil and garlic oil.
Keywords
Dental caries, Early childhood caries, Herb, Mouthwash, Oil extraction
DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2024/68426.19598
Date of Submission: Nov 28, 2023
Date of Peer Review: Dec 28, 2023
Date of Acceptance: May 01, 2024
Date of Publishing: Jul 01, 2024
AUTHOR DECLARATION:
• Financial or Other Competing Interests: None
• Was Ethics Committee Approval obtained for this study? Yes
• Was informed consent obtained from the subjects involved in the study? No
• For any images presented appropriate consent has been obtained from the subjects. NA
PLAGIARISM CHECKING METHODS:
• Plagiarism X-checker: Dec 02, 2023
• Manual Googling: Jan 03, 2024
• iThenticate Software: Apr 29, 2024 (9%)
ETYMOLOGY: Author Origin
EMENDATIONS: 6
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