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Authors are the souls of any journal, and deserve much respect. To publish a journal manuscripts are needed from authors. Authors have a great responsibility for producing facts of their work in terms of number and results truthfully and an individual honesty is expected from authors in this regards. Both ways its true "No authors-No manuscripts-No journals" and "No journals–No manuscripts–No authors". Reviewing a manuscript is also a very responsible and important task of any peer-reviewed journal and to be taken seriously. It needs knowledge on the subject, sincerity, honesty and determination. Although the process of reviewing a manuscript is a time consuming task butit is expected to give one's best remarks within the time frame of the journal.
Salient features of the JCDR: It is a biomedical, multidisciplinary (including all medical and dental specialities), e-journal, with wide scope and extensive author support. At the same time, a free text of manuscript is available in HTML and PDF format. There is fast growing authorship and readership with JCDR as this can be judged by the number of articles published in it i e; in Feb 2007 of its first issue, it contained 5 articles only, and now in its recent volume published in April 2011, it contained 67 manuscripts. This e-journal is fulfilling the commitments and objectives sincerely, (as stated by Editor-in-chief in his preface to first edition) i e; to encourage physicians through the internet, especially from the developing countries who witness a spectrum of disease and acquire a wealth of knowledge to publish their experiences to benefit the medical community in patients care. I also feel that many of us have work of substance, newer ideas, adequate clinical materials but poor in medical writing and hesitation to submit the work and need help. JCDR provides authors help in this regards.
Timely publication of journal: Publication of manuscripts and bringing out the issue in time is one of the positive aspects of JCDR and is possible with strong support team in terms of peer reviewers, proof reading, language check, computer operators, etc. This is one of the great reasons for authors to submit their work with JCDR. Another best part of JCDR is "Online first Publications" facilities available for the authors. This facility not only provides the prompt publications of the manuscripts but at the same time also early availability of the manuscripts for the readers.
Indexation and online availability: Indexation transforms the journal in some sense from its local ownership to the worldwide professional community and to the public.JCDR is indexed with Embase & EMbiology, Google Scholar, Index Copernicus, Chemical Abstracts Service, Journal seek Database, Indian Science Abstracts, to name few of them. Manuscriptspublished in JCDR are available on major search engines ie; google, yahoo, msn.
In the era of fast growing newer technologies, and in computer and internet friendly environment the manuscripts preparation, submission, review, revision, etc and all can be done and checked with a click from all corer of the world, at any time. Of course there is always a scope for improvement in every field and none is perfect. To progress, one needs to identify the areas of one's weakness and to strengthen them.
It is well said that "happy beginning is half done" and it fits perfectly with JCDR. It has grown considerably and I feel it has already grown up from its infancy to adolescence, achieving the status of standard online e-journal form Indian continent since its inception in Feb 2007. This had been made possible due to the efforts and the hard work put in it. The way the JCDR is improving with every new volume, with good quality original manuscripts, makes it a quality journal for readers. I must thank and congratulate Dr Hemant Jain, Editor-in-Chief JCDR and his team for their sincere efforts, dedication, and determination for making JCDR a fast growing journal.
Every one of us: authors, reviewers, editors, and publisher are responsible for enhancing the stature of the journal. I wish for a great success for JCDR."
Thanking you
With sincere regards
Dr. Rajendra Kumar Ghritlaharey, M.S., M. Ch., FAIS
Associate Professor,
Department of Paediatric Surgery, Gandhi Medical College & Associated
Kamla Nehru & Hamidia Hospitals Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 001 (India)
E-mail: drrajendrak1@rediffmail.com
On May 11,2011
Dr. Shankar P.R.
"On looking back through my Gmail archives after being requested by the journal to write a short editorial about my experiences of publishing with the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR), I came across an e-mail from Dr. Hemant Jain, Editor, in March 2007, which introduced the new electronic journal. The main features of the journal which were outlined in the e-mail were extensive author support, cash rewards, the peer review process, and other salient features of the journal.
Over a span of over four years, we (I and my colleagues) have published around 25 articles in the journal. In this editorial, I plan to briefly discuss my experiences of publishing with JCDR and the strengths of the journal and to finally address the areas for improvement.
My experiences of publishing with JCDR: Overall, my experiences of publishing withJCDR have been positive. The best point about the journal is that it responds to queries from the author. This may seem to be simple and not too much to ask for, but unfortunately, many journals in the subcontinent and from many developing countries do not respond or they respond with a long delay to the queries from the authors 1. The reasons could be many, including lack of optimal secretarial and other support. Another problem with many journals is the slowness of the review process. Editorial processing and peer review can take anywhere between a year to two years with some journals. Also, some journals do not keep the contributors informed about the progress of the review process. Due to the long review process, the articles can lose their relevance and topicality. A major benefit with JCDR is the timeliness and promptness of its response. In Dr Jain's e-mail which was sent to me in 2007, before the introduction of the Pre-publishing system, he had stated that he had received my submission and that he would get back to me within seven days and he did!
Most of the manuscripts are published within 3 to 4 months of their submission if they are found to be suitable after the review process. JCDR is published bimonthly and the accepted articles were usually published in the next issue. Recently, due to the increased volume of the submissions, the review process has become slower and it ?? Section can take from 4 to 6 months for the articles to be reviewed. The journal has an extensive author support system and it has recently introduced a paid expedited review process. The journal also mentions the average time for processing the manuscript under different submission systems - regular submission and expedited review.
Strengths of the journal: The journal has an online first facility in which the accepted manuscripts may be published on the website before being included in a regular issue of the journal. This cuts down the time between their acceptance and the publication. The journal is indexed in many databases, though not in PubMed. The editorial board should now take steps to index the journal in PubMed. The journal has a system of notifying readers through e-mail when a new issue is released. Also, the articles are available in both the HTML and the PDF formats. I especially like the new and colorful page format of the journal. Also, the access statistics of the articles are available. The prepublication and the manuscript tracking system are also helpful for the authors.
Areas for improvement: In certain cases, I felt that the peer review process of the manuscripts was not up to international standards and that it should be strengthened. Also, the number of manuscripts in an issue is high and it may be difficult for readers to go through all of them. The journal can consider tightening of the peer review process and increasing the quality standards for the acceptance of the manuscripts. I faced occasional problems with the online manuscript submission (Pre-publishing) system, which have to be addressed.
Overall, the publishing process with JCDR has been smooth, quick and relatively hassle free and I can recommend other authors to consider the journal as an outlet for their work."
Dr. P. Ravi Shankar
KIST Medical College, P.O. Box 14142, Kathmandu, Nepal.
E-mail: ravi.dr.shankar@gmail.com
On April 2011 Anuradha
Dear team JCDR, I would like to thank you for the very professional and polite service provided by everyone at JCDR. While i have been in the field of writing and editing for sometime, this has been my first attempt in publishing a scientific paper.Thank you for hand-holding me through the process.
Dr. Anuradha
E-mail: anuradha2nittur@gmail.com
On Jan 2020
Original article / research
Full Version
Magnesium And Calcium Levels In Early Surgical Menopause
Background and objectives: Many endocrinal and metabolic changes were observed in our patients after hysterectomy (surgical menopause), leading to osteoporosis and many other systemic complications and hence, the levels of magnesium, calcium and phosphorus were measured.
Materials and Methods: 34 early hysterectomy patients with 32 late hysterectomy patients and 28 normal healthy controls were included in the study. All parameters in blood were measured by using a Hitachi 917 chemistry auto analyzer (disc model). The statistical analyses were done by ANOVA.
Results: The levels of magnesium and calcium were significantly decreased (p<0.001) and the level of phosphorus was significantly increased (p<0.001) in both early and late hysterectomy patients as compared to the controls.
Conclusion: After hysterectomy, the levels of magnesium, calcium and phosphorus were found to be dysregulated, which might be due to a hormonal imbalance.
Hysterectomy, Magnesium, Calcium, Phosphorus.
INTRODUCTION
Hysterectomy is a commonly performed, gynaecological surgical procedure involving the partial (removal of the body, leaving the cervix) or complete (removal of the body, the fundus and the cervix) removal of the uterus. Hysterectomy is done at an early age if the patient is suffering from endometrial cancer, endometriosis, placenta praevia, developmental abnormalities, multiple fibroids, idiopathic uterine bleeding, etc. The removal of the uterus changes the hormonal status of the females (1).Hysterectomy patients are associated with a greater risk of developing osteoporosis and cardio vascular, neurogenic and mental disorders due to hormonal imbalance (2). Oestrogen has an influence over the calcium (Ca) metabolism; after hysterectomy, a drop in the oestrogen levels causes hypocalcaemia (3). Magnesium (Mg) is an essential transitional element in the biological system, which is required as a cofactor for all energy yielding reactions involving ATP and it has a key role in nucleic acid synthesis. Hypomagnesaemia is observed after a major surgery in the human body. Low levels of Mg are associated with the development of diabetes mellitus, asthma, osteoporosis, etc (4).
(Table/Fig 1): Comparison of magnesium, calcium and phosphorus among early and late hysterectomy patients with controls.
[SD- Standard Deviation, N=number of samples]
So, the present study was undertaken to estimate the levels of Mg, Ca and Phosphorus (P) in early and late hysterectomy patients.
The study group involved 34 early hysterectomy (from 30 years to menopause) and 32 late hysterectomy (after menopause) patients and 28 normal, healthy female controls. While selecting the test group, the patients suffering from cardiovascular disease, asthma, musculoskeletal disorders, genitourinary tract disorders, menstrual cycle disorders and endocrinal disorders were excluded from the study. The samples were collected from the KMC group of hospitals in the Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka state. 5ml of blood was collected from the median cubital vein under strict aseptic precautions. The samples were analysed by using a Hitachi 917 chemistry auto analyzer. Mg (5), Ca (6) and Phosphorus (7) were measured by a colourimetric end point determination, with sample blanking respectively. A clear written informed consent was taken from the patients.
STATISTICS
The statistical analysis was done by using ANOVA and the correlation was done by using the Pearson’s correlation coefficient.
The levels of Mg and Ca were found to be decreased significantly (p<0.001) both in the early and the late hysterectomy patients, but the decrease was more significant in the early hysterectomy patients.
The levels of phosphorus were found to be increased significantly (p<0.001) in both the early and the late hysterectomy patients, but the increase was more significant in the early hysterectomy patients.
We found a significant (p<0.01) negative correlation (r = -0.616) between phosphorus and magnesium in the early hysterectomy patients.
The uterus is the target site for the action and the regulation of the female hormones, especially oestrogen. The presence of a functional uterus is essential for the normal physiological functioning of the cardiovascular system (CVS), the central nervous system (CNS) and the musculoskeletal system. Some studies have noted a three times greater risk of cardiovascular disease and also an increased risk of weakened bone when only the uterus was removed (8)(9). Hysterectomy is a surgically created menopause in which the uterus is removed due to various pathological conditions. In surgically created menopausal patients, many physiological and metabolic conditions are altered due to the decreased oestrogen concentration (2). In our study, we observed an alteration in Mg and Ca metabolism, as decreased Mg and Ca levels with increased phosphorus level. Alteration in all the parameters was highly significant in the early hysterectomy patients as compared to the late hysterectomy patients and the controls.
The reduced Mg concentration in the hysterectomy patients might be due to surgical trauma to the tissues and the removal of the uterus, which increases the aldosterone levels which interfere with Mg homeostasis (10)(11)(12). Even in normal healthy women, the Mg concentration decreases with increasing age (13) and hypomagnesaemia is precipitated by hysterectomy.
Hypocalcaemia is observed in hysterectomy patients because the oestrogen concentration is reduced after the removal of the uterus. Oestrogen has a modulatory effect on the Ca metabolism. It is responsible for the entry of calcium into the bone matrix. A drop in the levels of oestrogen after hysterectomy can cause an excessive loss of calcium, leading to the wasting of bone and hence osteoporosis. An increased risk for bone fracture was observed in the post hysterectomy patients (14), (15), (16), (17), (18). Mg deficiency also results in low levels of calcium, since Mg interferes with calcium absorption. Hence, a directly proportional relationship exists between Mg and Ca in the early and late hysterectomy patients. An increase in the phosphate levels interferes with the absorption of Mg and Ca. When the phosphate levels increased, the absorption of Mg and Ca was decreased (19)(20)(21)(22). Thus, hysterectomy patients are at a risk of developing osteoporosis and altered physiological functions of CVS and CNS due to hypomagnesaemia and hypocalcaemia.
To conclude, the adequate supplementation of Mg and Ca with multivitamins can prevent the development of osteoporosis and other related complications in both early and late hysterectomy patients.
It is very important to supplement Magnesium and Calcium along with multivitamins in early hysterectomy as well as in late hysterectomy patients.
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