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Authors are the souls of any journal, and deserve much respect. To publish a journal manuscripts are needed from authors. Authors have a great responsibility for producing facts of their work in terms of number and results truthfully and an individual honesty is expected from authors in this regards. Both ways its true "No authors-No manuscripts-No journals" and "No journals–No manuscripts–No authors". Reviewing a manuscript is also a very responsible and important task of any peer-reviewed journal and to be taken seriously. It needs knowledge on the subject, sincerity, honesty and determination. Although the process of reviewing a manuscript is a time consuming task butit is expected to give one's best remarks within the time frame of the journal.
Salient features of the JCDR: It is a biomedical, multidisciplinary (including all medical and dental specialities), e-journal, with wide scope and extensive author support. At the same time, a free text of manuscript is available in HTML and PDF format. There is fast growing authorship and readership with JCDR as this can be judged by the number of articles published in it i e; in Feb 2007 of its first issue, it contained 5 articles only, and now in its recent volume published in April 2011, it contained 67 manuscripts. This e-journal is fulfilling the commitments and objectives sincerely, (as stated by Editor-in-chief in his preface to first edition) i e; to encourage physicians through the internet, especially from the developing countries who witness a spectrum of disease and acquire a wealth of knowledge to publish their experiences to benefit the medical community in patients care. I also feel that many of us have work of substance, newer ideas, adequate clinical materials but poor in medical writing and hesitation to submit the work and need help. JCDR provides authors help in this regards.
Timely publication of journal: Publication of manuscripts and bringing out the issue in time is one of the positive aspects of JCDR and is possible with strong support team in terms of peer reviewers, proof reading, language check, computer operators, etc. This is one of the great reasons for authors to submit their work with JCDR. Another best part of JCDR is "Online first Publications" facilities available for the authors. This facility not only provides the prompt publications of the manuscripts but at the same time also early availability of the manuscripts for the readers.
Indexation and online availability: Indexation transforms the journal in some sense from its local ownership to the worldwide professional community and to the public.JCDR is indexed with Embase & EMbiology, Google Scholar, Index Copernicus, Chemical Abstracts Service, Journal seek Database, Indian Science Abstracts, to name few of them. Manuscriptspublished in JCDR are available on major search engines ie; google, yahoo, msn.
In the era of fast growing newer technologies, and in computer and internet friendly environment the manuscripts preparation, submission, review, revision, etc and all can be done and checked with a click from all corer of the world, at any time. Of course there is always a scope for improvement in every field and none is perfect. To progress, one needs to identify the areas of one's weakness and to strengthen them.
It is well said that "happy beginning is half done" and it fits perfectly with JCDR. It has grown considerably and I feel it has already grown up from its infancy to adolescence, achieving the status of standard online e-journal form Indian continent since its inception in Feb 2007. This had been made possible due to the efforts and the hard work put in it. The way the JCDR is improving with every new volume, with good quality original manuscripts, makes it a quality journal for readers. I must thank and congratulate Dr Hemant Jain, Editor-in-Chief JCDR and his team for their sincere efforts, dedication, and determination for making JCDR a fast growing journal.
Every one of us: authors, reviewers, editors, and publisher are responsible for enhancing the stature of the journal. I wish for a great success for JCDR."
Thanking you
With sincere regards
Dr. Rajendra Kumar Ghritlaharey, M.S., M. Ch., FAIS
Associate Professor,
Department of Paediatric Surgery, Gandhi Medical College & Associated
Kamla Nehru & Hamidia Hospitals Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 001 (India)
E-mail: drrajendrak1@rediffmail.com
On May 11,2011
Dr. Shankar P.R.
"On looking back through my Gmail archives after being requested by the journal to write a short editorial about my experiences of publishing with the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR), I came across an e-mail from Dr. Hemant Jain, Editor, in March 2007, which introduced the new electronic journal. The main features of the journal which were outlined in the e-mail were extensive author support, cash rewards, the peer review process, and other salient features of the journal.
Over a span of over four years, we (I and my colleagues) have published around 25 articles in the journal. In this editorial, I plan to briefly discuss my experiences of publishing with JCDR and the strengths of the journal and to finally address the areas for improvement.
My experiences of publishing with JCDR: Overall, my experiences of publishing withJCDR have been positive. The best point about the journal is that it responds to queries from the author. This may seem to be simple and not too much to ask for, but unfortunately, many journals in the subcontinent and from many developing countries do not respond or they respond with a long delay to the queries from the authors 1. The reasons could be many, including lack of optimal secretarial and other support. Another problem with many journals is the slowness of the review process. Editorial processing and peer review can take anywhere between a year to two years with some journals. Also, some journals do not keep the contributors informed about the progress of the review process. Due to the long review process, the articles can lose their relevance and topicality. A major benefit with JCDR is the timeliness and promptness of its response. In Dr Jain's e-mail which was sent to me in 2007, before the introduction of the Pre-publishing system, he had stated that he had received my submission and that he would get back to me within seven days and he did!
Most of the manuscripts are published within 3 to 4 months of their submission if they are found to be suitable after the review process. JCDR is published bimonthly and the accepted articles were usually published in the next issue. Recently, due to the increased volume of the submissions, the review process has become slower and it ?? Section can take from 4 to 6 months for the articles to be reviewed. The journal has an extensive author support system and it has recently introduced a paid expedited review process. The journal also mentions the average time for processing the manuscript under different submission systems - regular submission and expedited review.
Strengths of the journal: The journal has an online first facility in which the accepted manuscripts may be published on the website before being included in a regular issue of the journal. This cuts down the time between their acceptance and the publication. The journal is indexed in many databases, though not in PubMed. The editorial board should now take steps to index the journal in PubMed. The journal has a system of notifying readers through e-mail when a new issue is released. Also, the articles are available in both the HTML and the PDF formats. I especially like the new and colorful page format of the journal. Also, the access statistics of the articles are available. The prepublication and the manuscript tracking system are also helpful for the authors.
Areas for improvement: In certain cases, I felt that the peer review process of the manuscripts was not up to international standards and that it should be strengthened. Also, the number of manuscripts in an issue is high and it may be difficult for readers to go through all of them. The journal can consider tightening of the peer review process and increasing the quality standards for the acceptance of the manuscripts. I faced occasional problems with the online manuscript submission (Pre-publishing) system, which have to be addressed.
Overall, the publishing process with JCDR has been smooth, quick and relatively hassle free and I can recommend other authors to consider the journal as an outlet for their work."
Dr. P. Ravi Shankar
KIST Medical College, P.O. Box 14142, Kathmandu, Nepal.
E-mail: ravi.dr.shankar@gmail.com
On April 2011 Anuradha
Dear team JCDR, I would like to thank you for the very professional and polite service provided by everyone at JCDR. While i have been in the field of writing and editing for sometime, this has been my first attempt in publishing a scientific paper.Thank you for hand-holding me through the process.
Dr. Anuradha
E-mail: anuradha2nittur@gmail.com
On Jan 2020
Reviews
Full Version
Cognitive and Integrated Intervention Therapy in the Geriatric Population and its Benefits on Daily Living Activities and Quality of Life: A Narrative Review
Correspondence Address :
Dr. Binod Chandra Sarma,
Associate Professor, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Assam down town University, Sankar Madhav Path, Panikhaiti, Guwahati-781026, Assam, India.
E-mail: sarmabc27@gmail.com
Physiotherapists have expanded their scope into a wide array of fields, including various cognitive-based therapies and mixed integrated intervention therapies. Multiple databases were used in present literature review, including Medline, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Pedro, which consisted of research studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published between 2002 and 2022. The keywords searched were: cognitive, geriatric, daily living activities, life quality, integrated therapy. Out of the 163 articles retrieved, 52 primary matching articles were included in the review, and 111 articles were excluded as they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Among the matching articles, 39 showed benefits in Quality of Life (QoL) in geriatric individuals with interventions of cognitive therapy and other integrated therapies such as art therapy and music therapy, using valid and reliable outcome scales. The findings and corroborations from these studies indicated the positive effects of cognitive therapy and various integrated intervention therapies on daily living activities and life quality in the elderly population. There is limited data in the literature about the effects of cognitive and integrated intervention therapy in the elderly population. The primary aim of present review study was to analyse the existing available resources and evidence concerning the effects of cognitive therapy and integrated intervention therapy in geriatric individuals.
Cognitive therapy, Gerontology, Health-related quality of life, Physiotherapy
Ageing is an irreversible and inevitable process, and in the present era, every individual wishes to age gracefully and independently. Geriatrics refers to medical care for older adults, a cohort that is difficult to define precisely. The term “elderly” is typically favoured, for >65 of age frequently (1). Precise medical care is not possible, and people tend to suffer from acute or chronic medical conditions in their later phase of life. These diseases, disorders, and/or ailments do affect one’s Activities of Daily Living (ADLs or ADL) and QoL. ADLs is a word used in healthcare to refer to people’s daily self-care activities, and Katz S first coined the term ADLs in the 1950s (2). Physiotherapists and other health professionals frequently use ADLs as a measurement of the functional status within the elderly population. QoL has been defined by the World Health Organisation (WHO). QoL is defined as an individual’s perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value system in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards, and concerns (3). Established and documented studies and researches suggested that physiotherapy has been extremely beneficial in improving ADLs and, thereby, QoL in the elderly population [4,5]. Physiotherapists have expanded their scope into a wide array of fields, including several cognitive-based therapies and mixed integrated intervention therapies. Cognitive interventions involve programs that specifically train cognition through teaching skills and strategies for improving functioning in one or more cognitive domains (6). Cognitive therapy benefits the elderly in various aspects; for instance, in a study, it was stated that cognitive behavioural therapy, has been proven beneficial in older adults (7). Cognitive intervention therapies have demonstrated their effects in the cognitive betterment and retention of cognitive function in geriatric individuals with or without cognitive decline.
Another study reported a tailored multicomponent exercise training intervention for reversing frailty and improving physical function, cognitive, emotional and social network determinations in frail older adults (8). People should adopt physical activity and exercise as part of their lifestyle to alleviate the negative impact of ageing on the body and the mind (9). Training program improves cognitive function, muscle endurance, aerobic conditioning, and balance in older adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment (10). Physical activity, notably multimodal and mind-body exercise, offers benefits to cognition in older individuals (11).
Integrated intervention therapies are a new set of treatment approaches based on physiotherapy and occupational therapy backgrounds that have been seen to be advantageous in the betterment of the elderly health. Integrated intervention therapies mainly consist of art therapy, expressive therapy, dance therapy, and music therapy. The positive effects of integrated intervention therapy in geriatric individuals with or without acute or chronic medical conditions are highlighted. For instance, a study described the positive effects of Salsa dance therapy as a primary intervention and its impact on functional recovery in a geriatric patient with multiple impairments (12). There is limited data in the literature about the effects of cognitive and integrated intervention therapy in the elderly population. Therefore, the primary aim of the review was to provide a narrative summation of literature suggesting the positive outcomes of cognitive and integrated intervention therapy in the geriatric population for Daily Living Activities and QoL.
To review the literature, searches of the target literature were conducted on multiple databases, including Medline, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Pedro from 2002 to 2022. The search terms or keywords used were: “Cognitive Exercise in Geriatric Persons,” “Integrated Therapy,” “Art Therapy,” “Music Therapy,” “ADLs and Geriatric People”, “ADLs and Physiotherapy,” “QoL and Geriatric Individuals,” and “QoL and Physiotherapy”.
Inclusion criteria were as follows: a) articles should be original research studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, or literature reviews; b) studies that were in the English language or could be translated to English; c) studies from 2002 to 2022; d) participants were older adults aged 60 years or older.
Exclusion criteria were as follows: a) non randomised trials; b) uncontrolled trials.
Several procedures were administered in the data collection and analysis, which were executed by two review authors. Both review authors collaboratively developed the search strategy before completing the search. The search terms were developed collaboratively by the two review authors, referencing terms used were similar to previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses, as well as terms used by individual study authors from 2002 to 2022. The first author performed the search and extracted the data. Data extracted from the articles included: a) author(s) and year of publication; b) type of study; and c) main findings. The authors discussed the data collection process from time to time, particularly when differences of opinion emerged and published data was not clearly mentioned. All disagreements were resolved by consensus before the final analysis. A descriptive, analytical approach was used to summarise the data. Initially, during the title and abstract reviews, a total of 163 potentially pertinent articles were found. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were incorporated for full-text review. During this process, 96 studies were excluded as they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Regrettably, nine articles were omitted from the review study due to the unavailability of full texts. Additionally, four other articles were conference abstracts without adequate details for inclusion, and two articles were not included as they were clinical trials yet to yield results. A total of 52 primary matching articles were included in the review. Of these, 13 articles did not consider reliable and valid outcome scales for ADLs and/or QoL, while 39 showed benefits in ADLs and/or QoL in geriatric individuals with interventions such as cognitive therapy and other integrated therapies like art therapy and music therapy, using standard outcome measures (Table/Fig 1) (13),(14),(16),(17),(18),(19),(20),(21),(22),(23),(24),(25),(26),(27),(28),(29),(30),(31),(32),(33),(34),(35),(36),(37),(38),(39),(40),(41),(42),(43),(44),(45),(46),(47),(48),(49),(50),(51).
The comprehensive review has identified several study designs that report and confirm the positive effects of cognitive-based interventions on daily living activities and QoL in the elderly population. The majority of the studies focused on elderly groups with no major medical health conditions, including physical and mental health. The included studies were quite heterogeneous, encompassing different study designs. All the different studies used standardised protocols and reliable and valid outcome scales. In the present review, most of the treatment protocols utilised in the experimental or randomised controlled trials was for four weeks to six months, with most of the follow-ups extending up to six months. One study also had a longer follow-up of upto five years, and the intervention has proven to show a positive impact on cognitive maintenance and improving QoL even five years after the start of the intervention (14). While most studies focused on the effect of cognitive-focused interventions solely on improving daily living activities or QoL, some studies also confirmed the combined effect of physical exercise and cognitive interventions on daily life functioning (18),(29),(31). In addition, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials also confirms the same (37). Most of the studies selected in present review have shown beneficial results in daily functioning and life quality in the geriatric population through the implementation of integrated therapies such as art therapy and music therapy. Aspects of cognitive training and music therapy in groups have shown improvement in life quality and ADL in the elderly (27),(40). An Randomised Control Trail (RCT)-based study has also concluded the significant benefit of online cognitive training in improving daily function in older adults (26).
The highlight of present review study was to ascertain the effects of specific domains of rehabilitation, including cognitive therapy and other integrated novel therapies, on the enhancement of ADL and life quality in the geriatric population, which is an important sphere of wellness.
Limitation(s)
The present review study has a number of limitations, starting with the fact that the data is heterogeneous. Next, there is no standardised technique for the screening of subjects or a universal measure of outcome scales. The selected studies used various treatment protocols, and the effect sizes were rarely reported. Another limitation was that the selection of studies was done by a single reviewer, which may account for the risk of reporting bias.
Cognitive therapy and various integrated intervention therapies for ADL and QoL in the elderly population have been found to be substantially effective. However, the specific types, duration, and frequency of the different integrated interventions require further research and have further scope. The review suggests positive effects of cognitive training programs and other integrated therapies, but it remains unclear somewhere on their retention and long-term effects. Therefore, the cognitive-based therapies, art, and music therapy can be implemented for fostering better results in the overall wellness of the geriatric population in medical policies and systems in the near future.
DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2024/67971.19346
Date of Submission: Oct 10, 2023
Date of Peer Review: Dec 12, 2023
Date of Acceptance: Mar 08, 2024
Date of Publishing: May 01, 2024
AUTHOR DECLARATION:
• Financial or Other Competing Interests: None
• Was informed consent obtained from the subjects involved in the study? No
• For any images presented appropriate consent has been obtained from the subjects. NA
PLAGIARISM CHECKING METHODS:
• Plagiarism X-checker: Oct 12, 2023
• Manual Googling: Dec 19, 2023
• iThenticate Software: Mar 06, 2024 (17%)
ETYMOLOGY: Author Origin
EMENDATIONS: 7
- Emerging Sources Citation Index (Web of Science, thomsonreuters)
- Index Copernicus ICV 2017: 134.54
- Academic Search Complete Database
- Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
- Embase
- EBSCOhost
- Google Scholar
- HINARI Access to Research in Health Programme
- Indian Science Abstracts (ISA)
- Journal seek Database
- Popline (reproductive health literature)
- www.omnimedicalsearch.com