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Oestrogen and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Dynamics in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women: A Cross-sectional Study
Correspondence Address :
Dr. M Praveena,
NO G-C, C Block, Sowkiya Residency, Old Palpannai Road, Trichy-621105, Tamil Nadu, India.
E-mail: drpraveena2000@gmail.com
Introduction: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a common clinical disorder characterised by the reflux of stomach contents into the oesophagus, primarily due to the temporary relaxation of the Lower Oesophageal Sphincter (LES). The aetiology of GERD is multifactorial. The prevalence of GERD in females has been found to sharply increase throughout the postmenopausal period compared to the reproductive phase.
Aim: To study the relationship between serum oestrogen levels in premenopausal and postmenopausal women with GERD.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 60 patients with GERD were divided into 30 premenopausal and 30 postmenopausal groups. The study subjects underwent high-resolution oesophageal manometry. The Cobas e 411 immunoassay analyser was utilised to measure serum oestrogen levels through electrochemiluminescence. The independent, unpaired Student's t-test was employed to analyse the collected data.
Results: The statistical analysis revealed that the mean reduced LES pressure of 9.76±3.80 mmHg and the mean reduced Oesophagogastric Junction Contractile Integral (EGJ-Cl) of 14.503±10.64 mmHg were lower in women with postmenopausal GERD who exhibited lower oestrogen levels compared to those with premenopausal GERD. An increase in LES pressure was also associated with an increase in EGJ-CI, demonstrating a statistically significant positive linear correlation between LES pressure and EGJ-CI. The p-value <0.05 was deemed highly statistically significant.
Conclusion: Parameters such as basal LES pressure and EGJ-Cl were observed to be reduced in postmenopausal women with GERD who had low oestrogen levels. This study suggests that oestrogen plays a crucial role in safeguarding the oesophageal epithelium against the reflux of gastric contents.
Estradiol, Lower esophageal sphincter, Manometry, Regurgitation
DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2024/70292.19486
Date of Submission: Feb 22, 2024
Date of Peer Review: Mar 11, 2024
Date of Acceptance: Apr 22, 2024
Date of Publishing: Jun 01 2024
AUTHOR DECLARATION:
• Financial or Other Competing Interests: None
• Was Ethics Committee Approval obtained for this study? Yes
• Was informed consent obtained from the subjects involved in the study? Yes
• For any images presented appropriate consent has been obtained from the subjects. NA
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ETYMOLOGY: Author Origin
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