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Authors are the souls of any journal, and deserve much respect. To publish a journal manuscripts are needed from authors. Authors have a great responsibility for producing facts of their work in terms of number and results truthfully and an individual honesty is expected from authors in this regards. Both ways its true "No authors-No manuscripts-No journals" and "No journals–No manuscripts–No authors". Reviewing a manuscript is also a very responsible and important task of any peer-reviewed journal and to be taken seriously. It needs knowledge on the subject, sincerity, honesty and determination. Although the process of reviewing a manuscript is a time consuming task butit is expected to give one's best remarks within the time frame of the journal.
Salient features of the JCDR: It is a biomedical, multidisciplinary (including all medical and dental specialities), e-journal, with wide scope and extensive author support. At the same time, a free text of manuscript is available in HTML and PDF format. There is fast growing authorship and readership with JCDR as this can be judged by the number of articles published in it i e; in Feb 2007 of its first issue, it contained 5 articles only, and now in its recent volume published in April 2011, it contained 67 manuscripts. This e-journal is fulfilling the commitments and objectives sincerely, (as stated by Editor-in-chief in his preface to first edition) i e; to encourage physicians through the internet, especially from the developing countries who witness a spectrum of disease and acquire a wealth of knowledge to publish their experiences to benefit the medical community in patients care. I also feel that many of us have work of substance, newer ideas, adequate clinical materials but poor in medical writing and hesitation to submit the work and need help. JCDR provides authors help in this regards.
Timely publication of journal: Publication of manuscripts and bringing out the issue in time is one of the positive aspects of JCDR and is possible with strong support team in terms of peer reviewers, proof reading, language check, computer operators, etc. This is one of the great reasons for authors to submit their work with JCDR. Another best part of JCDR is "Online first Publications" facilities available for the authors. This facility not only provides the prompt publications of the manuscripts but at the same time also early availability of the manuscripts for the readers.
Indexation and online availability: Indexation transforms the journal in some sense from its local ownership to the worldwide professional community and to the public.JCDR is indexed with Embase & EMbiology, Google Scholar, Index Copernicus, Chemical Abstracts Service, Journal seek Database, Indian Science Abstracts, to name few of them. Manuscriptspublished in JCDR are available on major search engines ie; google, yahoo, msn.
In the era of fast growing newer technologies, and in computer and internet friendly environment the manuscripts preparation, submission, review, revision, etc and all can be done and checked with a click from all corer of the world, at any time. Of course there is always a scope for improvement in every field and none is perfect. To progress, one needs to identify the areas of one's weakness and to strengthen them.
It is well said that "happy beginning is half done" and it fits perfectly with JCDR. It has grown considerably and I feel it has already grown up from its infancy to adolescence, achieving the status of standard online e-journal form Indian continent since its inception in Feb 2007. This had been made possible due to the efforts and the hard work put in it. The way the JCDR is improving with every new volume, with good quality original manuscripts, makes it a quality journal for readers. I must thank and congratulate Dr Hemant Jain, Editor-in-Chief JCDR and his team for their sincere efforts, dedication, and determination for making JCDR a fast growing journal.
Every one of us: authors, reviewers, editors, and publisher are responsible for enhancing the stature of the journal. I wish for a great success for JCDR."
Thanking you
With sincere regards
Dr. Rajendra Kumar Ghritlaharey, M.S., M. Ch., FAIS
Associate Professor,
Department of Paediatric Surgery, Gandhi Medical College & Associated
Kamla Nehru & Hamidia Hospitals Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 001 (India)
E-mail: drrajendrak1@rediffmail.com
On May 11,2011
Dr. Shankar P.R.
"On looking back through my Gmail archives after being requested by the journal to write a short editorial about my experiences of publishing with the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR), I came across an e-mail from Dr. Hemant Jain, Editor, in March 2007, which introduced the new electronic journal. The main features of the journal which were outlined in the e-mail were extensive author support, cash rewards, the peer review process, and other salient features of the journal.
Over a span of over four years, we (I and my colleagues) have published around 25 articles in the journal. In this editorial, I plan to briefly discuss my experiences of publishing with JCDR and the strengths of the journal and to finally address the areas for improvement.
My experiences of publishing with JCDR: Overall, my experiences of publishing withJCDR have been positive. The best point about the journal is that it responds to queries from the author. This may seem to be simple and not too much to ask for, but unfortunately, many journals in the subcontinent and from many developing countries do not respond or they respond with a long delay to the queries from the authors 1. The reasons could be many, including lack of optimal secretarial and other support. Another problem with many journals is the slowness of the review process. Editorial processing and peer review can take anywhere between a year to two years with some journals. Also, some journals do not keep the contributors informed about the progress of the review process. Due to the long review process, the articles can lose their relevance and topicality. A major benefit with JCDR is the timeliness and promptness of its response. In Dr Jain's e-mail which was sent to me in 2007, before the introduction of the Pre-publishing system, he had stated that he had received my submission and that he would get back to me within seven days and he did!
Most of the manuscripts are published within 3 to 4 months of their submission if they are found to be suitable after the review process. JCDR is published bimonthly and the accepted articles were usually published in the next issue. Recently, due to the increased volume of the submissions, the review process has become slower and it ?? Section can take from 4 to 6 months for the articles to be reviewed. The journal has an extensive author support system and it has recently introduced a paid expedited review process. The journal also mentions the average time for processing the manuscript under different submission systems - regular submission and expedited review.
Strengths of the journal: The journal has an online first facility in which the accepted manuscripts may be published on the website before being included in a regular issue of the journal. This cuts down the time between their acceptance and the publication. The journal is indexed in many databases, though not in PubMed. The editorial board should now take steps to index the journal in PubMed. The journal has a system of notifying readers through e-mail when a new issue is released. Also, the articles are available in both the HTML and the PDF formats. I especially like the new and colorful page format of the journal. Also, the access statistics of the articles are available. The prepublication and the manuscript tracking system are also helpful for the authors.
Areas for improvement: In certain cases, I felt that the peer review process of the manuscripts was not up to international standards and that it should be strengthened. Also, the number of manuscripts in an issue is high and it may be difficult for readers to go through all of them. The journal can consider tightening of the peer review process and increasing the quality standards for the acceptance of the manuscripts. I faced occasional problems with the online manuscript submission (Pre-publishing) system, which have to be addressed.
Overall, the publishing process with JCDR has been smooth, quick and relatively hassle free and I can recommend other authors to consider the journal as an outlet for their work."
Dr. P. Ravi Shankar
KIST Medical College, P.O. Box 14142, Kathmandu, Nepal.
E-mail: ravi.dr.shankar@gmail.com
On April 2011 Anuradha
Dear team JCDR, I would like to thank you for the very professional and polite service provided by everyone at JCDR. While i have been in the field of writing and editing for sometime, this has been my first attempt in publishing a scientific paper.Thank you for hand-holding me through the process.
Dr. Anuradha
E-mail: anuradha2nittur@gmail.com
On Jan 2020
Reviews
Full Version
Varenicline: A Helping Hand for Smokers to Quit Smoking
Correspondence Address :
Jimmy Jose. Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India. Tel.: 91-820-2922403; fax no: 91-820-2571998. e-mail: jimmy_jose2001@yahoo.com
Introduction
Tobacco smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable diseases and deaths worldwide and accounts for 8.8% of global deaths every year (1). Various disease conditions have also been linked with cigarette smoking, including cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, many cancers (lung, mouth, oesophageal, bladder, pancreatic, gastric, cervical, and others) and pregnancy-related complications (2). Smoking cessation confers major health benefits for men and women of all ages.
The basis of effective pharmacotherapy for nicotine addiction is to mimic or replace the effects of nicotine. Different classes of drugs for tobacco dependence include nicotinic receptor agonists and dopaminergic-noradrenergic reuptake inhibitors such as bupropion (3).
Compounds that act as nicotinic alpha-4-beta-2 acetylcholine receptors (4β2 nAChR) partial agonists and simultaneously block the action of nicotine (4),(5) offer a particularly promising new approach to helping smokers quit. Varenicline is a new oral smoking-cessation medication, which has this property and was approved for use on 10 May 2006. Varenicline (6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-6,10-methano-6H-pyrazino[2,3-h](3)benazaprine) is a partial agonist of the nicotinic alpha-4-beta-2 acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs).
CHEMISTRY
Mechanism of Action
Varenicline is a partial agonist that binds to 4β2 nAChR with a greater affinity than nicotine. These specific nAChRs are postulated to be responsible for increased dopamine release when activated by nicotine, leading to dependence on the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex of brain. During smoking cessation, due to nicotine abstinence, dopamine levels become low, which is associated with the cravings that often lead patients to relapse. Varenicline blocks nicotine from binding and stimulates receptor-mediated activity and thus release of dopamine, but to a lesser degree than nicotine.
These nicotinic receptor partial agonists’ action provides a low-to-moderate level of dopamine stimulation to reduce craving and withdrawal symptoms, and the lower level of dopamine release may be less dependence forming than the intermittent spikes in dopamine release by inhaled nicotine (4).
Pharmacokinetics
Varenicline is rapidly absorbed across the gastric mucosa, reaching a peak plasma concentration in about 4 hours. With daily dosing, plasma concentrations reach a steady state after 4 days. Varenicline has a half-life of 17–24 hours; it is minimally metabolised and is excreted virtually unchanged by the kidneys (92%). The two minor metabolites are varenicline N-cabamoyl glucuronide and 2-hydroxyvarenicline, which account for 3% and 4%, respectively. Pharmacokinetic profiles in both smokers and non-smokers do not differ (6).
Clinical Studies
The effect of varenicline was demonstrated in various studies. A phase 2 multi-centred, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of three varenicline doses compared with sustained-release (SR) buproprion for a period of 7 weeks. Subjects were randomised to receive 0.3 mg of varenicline daily (n = 127) and 1.0 mg of varenicline daily (n = 128), 1.0 mg of varenicline twice daily (n = 127) for 6 weeks plus placebo for 1 week, 150 mg of SR bupropion twice daily for 6 weeks plus placebo for 1 week, or placebo. The continuous quit rates (CQR) were significantly higher for the 1.0 mg of varenicline-daily group (37.3%) and 1.0 mg of varenicline-twice-daily group (48.0%), compared with both placebo (17.1%) and bupropion (33.3%). Varenicline 1.0 mg was also reported to significantly reduce both craving and smoking satisfaction versus placebo. During this tr
Varenicline is a novel smoking-cessation aid approved by the US FDA in 2006, which has a unique mechanism of action compared with the available first-line agents. Studies have demonstrated that varenicline is more effective than bupropion and placebo in CQR and continued abstinence rates up to 1 year. Varenicline has the potential advantage of having fewer nicotine-related side effects. But there are no sufficient data to compare its effects with nicotine replacement therapy.
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