Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, ISSN - 0973 - 709X

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On Sep 2018




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On Sep 2018




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Lucknow
On Sep 2018




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On Aug 2018




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Dr. Arundhathi. S
MBBS, MD (Pathology),
Sanjay Gandhi institute of trauma and orthopedics,
Bengaluru.
On Aug 2018




Dr. Mamta Gupta,
"It gives me great pleasure to be associated with JCDR, since last 2-3 years. Since then I have authored, co-authored and reviewed about 25 articles in JCDR. I thank JCDR for giving me an opportunity to improve my own skills as an author and a reviewer.
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An yearly reward for the best article authored can also incentivize the authors. Though the process of finding the best article will be not be very easy. I do not know how reviewing process can be improved. If an article is being reviewed by two reviewers, then opinion of one can be communicated to the other or the final opinion of the editor can be communicated to the reviewer if requested for. This will help one’s reviewing skills.
My best wishes to Dr. Hemant Jain and all the editorial staff of JCDR for their untiring efforts to bring out this journal. I strongly recommend medical fraternity to publish their valuable research work in this esteemed journal, JCDR".



Dr. Mamta Gupta
Consultant
(Ex HOD Obs &Gynae, Hindu Rao Hospital and associated NDMC Medical College, Delhi)
Aug 2018




Dr. Rajendra Kumar Ghritlaharey

"I wish to thank Dr. Hemant Jain, Editor-in-Chief Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR), for asking me to write up few words.
Writing is the representation of language in a textual medium i e; into the words and sentences on paper. Quality medical manuscript writing in particular, demands not only a high-quality research, but also requires accurate and concise communication of findings and conclusions, with adherence to particular journal guidelines. In medical field whether working in teaching, private, or in corporate institution, everyone wants to excel in his / her own field and get recognised by making manuscripts publication.


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Salient features of the JCDR: It is a biomedical, multidisciplinary (including all medical and dental specialities), e-journal, with wide scope and extensive author support. At the same time, a free text of manuscript is available in HTML and PDF format. There is fast growing authorship and readership with JCDR as this can be judged by the number of articles published in it i e; in Feb 2007 of its first issue, it contained 5 articles only, and now in its recent volume published in April 2011, it contained 67 manuscripts. This e-journal is fulfilling the commitments and objectives sincerely, (as stated by Editor-in-chief in his preface to first edition) i e; to encourage physicians through the internet, especially from the developing countries who witness a spectrum of disease and acquire a wealth of knowledge to publish their experiences to benefit the medical community in patients care. I also feel that many of us have work of substance, newer ideas, adequate clinical materials but poor in medical writing and hesitation to submit the work and need help. JCDR provides authors help in this regards.
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In the era of fast growing newer technologies, and in computer and internet friendly environment the manuscripts preparation, submission, review, revision, etc and all can be done and checked with a click from all corer of the world, at any time. Of course there is always a scope for improvement in every field and none is perfect. To progress, one needs to identify the areas of one's weakness and to strengthen them.
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Every one of us: authors, reviewers, editors, and publisher are responsible for enhancing the stature of the journal. I wish for a great success for JCDR."



Thanking you
With sincere regards
Dr. Rajendra Kumar Ghritlaharey, M.S., M. Ch., FAIS
Associate Professor,
Department of Paediatric Surgery, Gandhi Medical College & Associated
Kamla Nehru & Hamidia Hospitals Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 001 (India)
E-mail: drrajendrak1@rediffmail.com
On May 11,2011




Dr. Shankar P.R.

"On looking back through my Gmail archives after being requested by the journal to write a short editorial about my experiences of publishing with the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR), I came across an e-mail from Dr. Hemant Jain, Editor, in March 2007, which introduced the new electronic journal. The main features of the journal which were outlined in the e-mail were extensive author support, cash rewards, the peer review process, and other salient features of the journal.
Over a span of over four years, we (I and my colleagues) have published around 25 articles in the journal. In this editorial, I plan to briefly discuss my experiences of publishing with JCDR and the strengths of the journal and to finally address the areas for improvement.
My experiences of publishing with JCDR: Overall, my experiences of publishing withJCDR have been positive. The best point about the journal is that it responds to queries from the author. This may seem to be simple and not too much to ask for, but unfortunately, many journals in the subcontinent and from many developing countries do not respond or they respond with a long delay to the queries from the authors 1. The reasons could be many, including lack of optimal secretarial and other support. Another problem with many journals is the slowness of the review process. Editorial processing and peer review can take anywhere between a year to two years with some journals. Also, some journals do not keep the contributors informed about the progress of the review process. Due to the long review process, the articles can lose their relevance and topicality. A major benefit with JCDR is the timeliness and promptness of its response. In Dr Jain's e-mail which was sent to me in 2007, before the introduction of the Pre-publishing system, he had stated that he had received my submission and that he would get back to me within seven days and he did!
Most of the manuscripts are published within 3 to 4 months of their submission if they are found to be suitable after the review process. JCDR is published bimonthly and the accepted articles were usually published in the next issue. Recently, due to the increased volume of the submissions, the review process has become slower and it ?? Section can take from 4 to 6 months for the articles to be reviewed. The journal has an extensive author support system and it has recently introduced a paid expedited review process. The journal also mentions the average time for processing the manuscript under different submission systems - regular submission and expedited review.
Strengths of the journal: The journal has an online first facility in which the accepted manuscripts may be published on the website before being included in a regular issue of the journal. This cuts down the time between their acceptance and the publication. The journal is indexed in many databases, though not in PubMed. The editorial board should now take steps to index the journal in PubMed. The journal has a system of notifying readers through e-mail when a new issue is released. Also, the articles are available in both the HTML and the PDF formats. I especially like the new and colorful page format of the journal. Also, the access statistics of the articles are available. The prepublication and the manuscript tracking system are also helpful for the authors.
Areas for improvement: In certain cases, I felt that the peer review process of the manuscripts was not up to international standards and that it should be strengthened. Also, the number of manuscripts in an issue is high and it may be difficult for readers to go through all of them. The journal can consider tightening of the peer review process and increasing the quality standards for the acceptance of the manuscripts. I faced occasional problems with the online manuscript submission (Pre-publishing) system, which have to be addressed.
Overall, the publishing process with JCDR has been smooth, quick and relatively hassle free and I can recommend other authors to consider the journal as an outlet for their work."



Dr. P. Ravi Shankar
KIST Medical College, P.O. Box 14142, Kathmandu, Nepal.
E-mail: ravi.dr.shankar@gmail.com
On April 2011
Anuradha

Dear team JCDR, I would like to thank you for the very professional and polite service provided by everyone at JCDR. While i have been in the field of writing and editing for sometime, this has been my first attempt in publishing a scientific paper.Thank you for hand-holding me through the process.


Dr. Anuradha
E-mail: anuradha2nittur@gmail.com
On Jan 2020

Important Notice

Dentistry
Year : 2010 | Month : December | Volume : 4 | Issue : 6 | Page : 3654 - 3658 Full Version

Evaluation Of Correlation Between Periodontitis And Rheumatoid Arthritis In An Indian Population


Published: December 1, 2010 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2010/.1016
FARAH VAKAR M*, SYED AFROZ A**, ATHER S A***

*(MDS Periodontology), Reader, Dept of Periodontology, Maitri College of Dentistry and Research Centre, Anjora, Durg (C.G), India; **(MDS Oral Pathology), Professor, Dept of Oral Pathology, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Vikarabad (Andhra Pradesh); ***(MDS Pedodontics), Senior Lecturer, Dept of Pedodontics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Vikarabad (Andhra Pradesh)

Correspondence Address :
Dr Farah Vakar Momin (MDS Periodontology),
Reader, Dept of Periodontology
Maitri College of Dentistry and Research Centre, Anjora, Durg (C.G), India
Email- drfarahmomin@yahoo.com.
Cell- 9000512911

Abstract

Background and Objective: Considering the hypothesis that generated a link between joint diseases and periodontitis many centuries back, and the renewed interest lately in association between periodontitis and specifically rheumatoid arthritis, this study was undertaken in an Indian population. A correlation was done between the degree of periodontal disease in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and non rheumatoid arthritis (NRA).

Materials and Methods: The study comprised of 202 subjects, who were divided into rheumatoid arthritis and non rheumatoid arthritis groups of 101 subjects each. The periodontal status was evaluated through an inclusion criteria by evaluating the probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding scores and plaque scores. The degree of periodontal disease was compared to the severity of rheumatoid arthritis.

Results: There was no statistically significant prevalence and severity of periodontal disease in the RA and NRA groups.

Interpretation and Conclusion: Thus, as per this study, RA is not a risk indicator for periodontal disease, as both these diseases were not associated significantly in the Indian population.

Keywords

Rheumatoid arthritis, periodontitis, Indian population, correlation

INTRODUCTION
Periodontitis is one of the most common chronic disorders in humans, which is characterized by chronic inflammation and is associated with the destruction of both the connective tissue and the alveolar bone. Most patients of periodontitis respond to bacterial invaders by mobilizing their defensive cells and releasing cytokines like interleukin-1B, tumour necrosis factor-a, and interleukin-6, which ultimately causes tissue destruction by stimulating the production of collagenolytic enzymes like matrix metalloproteinases.
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that affects several organs and it is also associated with the destruction of joint connective tissues and bones.(1) Both periodontitis and RA represent an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and cytokines anti-inflammatory cytokines, which are deemed responsible for tissue damage.(2)
Recently, there has been growing evidence suggesting an association between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis, as both these conditions are associated with the destruction of bones(1). Possibly, a bidirectional relationship between RA and periodontitis may involve RA, thus affecting the pathogenesis of periodontitis and vice-versa (2). Still, there is possibility of a common genetic trait predisposing to both these conditions.
The literature regarding a relationship between periodontal disease and RA is controversial. Most of the studies have been carried out on non-Indian populations and are diverse in their results and conclusions (2). Hence, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between periodontitis and RA in an Indian population.

Material and Methods

This is an observational and an analytical study, which was approved by the Ethical Committee on Human Trials. A written and informed consent was obtained from all volunteers.

The study comprised of 202 subjects, who were divided into rheumatoid arthritis and non rheumatoid arthritis groups of 101 subjects each. The periodontal status was evaluated in both these groups to determine the extent of their periodontal disease, and to correlate these findings with various indicators of rheumatoid arthritis. The indicators of RA included the number of swollen joints, the number of tender joints, pain index, RA factor and CRP titers.

The Rheumatoid arthritis group (The RA group): The patients in the RA group were diagnosed according to the Revised Criteria for the classification of Rheumatoid Arthritis of the American College of Rheumatology (3). Chronic RA patients attending a rheumatology clinic under a standard drug regimen, with duration between 1 to 25 years were selected for the study. The eligibility for participation in the study was determined by the patient’s physician, in order to ensure that the patient did not have any other condition that would modify the periodontal disease manifestations. Patients having at least 8 teeth in each jaw were included. Smokers were not specifically excluded.

The Non-rheumatoid arthritis group (The NRA group): Subjects whose age, sex and smoking status matched to the RA group, were included in the NRA group from the general population. [Table/Fig1].

(Table/Fig 1): Demographic details of patient population in the study
The periodontal status was assessed in both the RA and the NRA groups by using the following criteria:
Probing pocket depth (PPD), Clinical attachment loss (CAL 1to3), Bleeding scores and Plaque scores by using the Turesky Gilmore Index, and bone loss on periapical radiographs was assessed by using the Hugoson’s and Jordon’s Index (4) [Table/Fig 1-4].

(Table/Fig 2): PPD of 7mm in a RA patient

(Table/Fig 3): Periapical bone loss score P2 in same patient

(Table/Fig 4): PPD of 8mm in a NRA patient

(Table/Fig 5): Periapical bone loss score P3 in NRA patient

The results obtained from both the groups were subjected to statistical analysis. Missing teeth, plaque, and bleeding percentages were analyzed by using paired t tests. The difference in the radiographical bone loss scores was analyzed by the application of the Fisher’s exact test. P0 and P1 were grouped as P01 and P2 plus P3 were grouped as P02. PPD and CAL in both the groups were subjected to the Chi square test.

Results

As the age and sex matched subjects were selected in both the study groups, the age range was 25 to 61 years, with a mean age of 43 years. The male to female ratio (M: F) in the RA and NRA groups was (1:2.4) and (1:1.8) respectively.
There was no statistically significant difference in the mean number of teeth present, plaque scores and the gingival bleeding indices scores between the RA and the NRA groups (p=0.8, p=0.35 and p=0.27 respectively) (Table/Fig 6).
(Table/Fig 6): Mean values of teeth present, plaque & gingival bleeding scores
The mean PPD was higher in the RA group as compared to that in the NRA group; however, it was not statistically significant (p=0.601). Similarly, though the mean CAL in the RA group was higher than that of the NRA group, it was statistically insignificant (Table/Fig 7).

(Table/Fig 7): Mean values of periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment loss
The difference in the radiographical scores between both the groups after the application of Fisher’s exact test was not statistically significant (p=0.484) (Table/Fig 8).

(Table/Fig 8): Number of subjects with radiographic periodontal bone loss

Discussion

The published studies vary widely with respect to the design, setting and the methods which are used to ascertain an association between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. However, the strength and temporality of the association are uncertain. Well designed epidemiological studies are thus needed to be carried out, especially in the Indian population.

The average number of teeth present in both the study groups was not statistically significant. This observation is similar to the results obtained by other studies by Sjostrom et al and Mercado et al (5),(6).
The observation that the plaque scores were not significant in the RA and the NRA groups is consistent with the observations of Sjostrom et al and Mercado et al. (5),(6) Thus, the general concept that RA patients tend to have more plaque deposits because of limited dexterity (7), was not validated.

In this study, the mean bleeding score was lower in the RA group, but this observation was not statistically significant. The lower gingival bleeding score in the RA group may be due to the effect of the NSAID therapy. This result is similar to that from the study performed by Sjostrom et al.(5)

There was no significant difference in the mean PPD scores between the two groups studied. This finding is in agreement to the results of few previous studies done by Waite I M et al.(8) However, this observation is in contrast to the study results of Mercado et al6, which stated a significantly greater PPD in the RA group than in the NRA group.

The absence of significant radiographical bone loss scores in this study is in accordance with the results from the study by Sjostrom et al (5) and this finding is in contrast to the results of the study done by Mercado et al (6).

Conclusion

In our study, the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease was not significantly different in the RA and the NRA groups. Thus, as per this study, RA is not a risk indicator for periodontal disease, as both these diseases were not associated significantly in the Indian population.
The development of new paradigms has allowed the application of most advanced drugs in the treatment of RA. What remains to be seen is, whether the pathogenic mechanisms of these diseases are similar, and if yes, then whether these also can be used in the treatment of periodontal disease as well.

References

1.
Depinder KM, Vipinder SG, Usha B. Rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis: Biological links and the emergence of dual purpose therapies. Indian J Dent Res 2009; 20(1): 86-90
2.
Eduardo de PI, Manoel BB, Carlos RJ et al. Periodontal condition in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Braz. Oral Res 2008,; 22(1):
3.
Page RC, Offenbacher S, Schroder HE et al. Advances in pathogenesis of periodontitis, Summary of developments, clinical implications and future direction. Periodontology 1997; 14: 216-247.
4.
Offenbacher S. Periodontal diseases pathogenesis. Annal Perio 1996;1: 821-878
5.
Sjostrom L, Laurell L, Hugoson A et al. Periodontal conditions in adults with RA. Commu Dent Oral Epidemiol 1989, 17 : 234-236
6.
Mercado RI, Klestor AC, Bartold PM. Is there a relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease. J Clinical Periodontol 2000; 27; 267-272
7.
Feldman RS, Szeto B, Chauncey HH et al. Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs in reduction of human alveolar bone loss. J Clin Periodontol 1983;10: 131-136.
8.
Waite IM, Santon CA, Young et al. The periodontal status of subjects receiving non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Jou of Perio Res 1981;16: 100-108.

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