Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, ISSN - 0973 - 709X

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Lucknow
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MBBS, MD (Pathology),
Sanjay Gandhi institute of trauma and orthopedics,
Bengaluru.
On Aug 2018




Dr. Mamta Gupta,
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Dr. Mamta Gupta
Consultant
(Ex HOD Obs &Gynae, Hindu Rao Hospital and associated NDMC Medical College, Delhi)
Aug 2018




Dr. Rajendra Kumar Ghritlaharey

"I wish to thank Dr. Hemant Jain, Editor-in-Chief Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR), for asking me to write up few words.
Writing is the representation of language in a textual medium i e; into the words and sentences on paper. Quality medical manuscript writing in particular, demands not only a high-quality research, but also requires accurate and concise communication of findings and conclusions, with adherence to particular journal guidelines. In medical field whether working in teaching, private, or in corporate institution, everyone wants to excel in his / her own field and get recognised by making manuscripts publication.


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Salient features of the JCDR: It is a biomedical, multidisciplinary (including all medical and dental specialities), e-journal, with wide scope and extensive author support. At the same time, a free text of manuscript is available in HTML and PDF format. There is fast growing authorship and readership with JCDR as this can be judged by the number of articles published in it i e; in Feb 2007 of its first issue, it contained 5 articles only, and now in its recent volume published in April 2011, it contained 67 manuscripts. This e-journal is fulfilling the commitments and objectives sincerely, (as stated by Editor-in-chief in his preface to first edition) i e; to encourage physicians through the internet, especially from the developing countries who witness a spectrum of disease and acquire a wealth of knowledge to publish their experiences to benefit the medical community in patients care. I also feel that many of us have work of substance, newer ideas, adequate clinical materials but poor in medical writing and hesitation to submit the work and need help. JCDR provides authors help in this regards.
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In the era of fast growing newer technologies, and in computer and internet friendly environment the manuscripts preparation, submission, review, revision, etc and all can be done and checked with a click from all corer of the world, at any time. Of course there is always a scope for improvement in every field and none is perfect. To progress, one needs to identify the areas of one's weakness and to strengthen them.
It is well said that "happy beginning is half done" and it fits perfectly with JCDR. It has grown considerably and I feel it has already grown up from its infancy to adolescence, achieving the status of standard online e-journal form Indian continent since its inception in Feb 2007. This had been made possible due to the efforts and the hard work put in it. The way the JCDR is improving with every new volume, with good quality original manuscripts, makes it a quality journal for readers. I must thank and congratulate Dr Hemant Jain, Editor-in-Chief JCDR and his team for their sincere efforts, dedication, and determination for making JCDR a fast growing journal.
Every one of us: authors, reviewers, editors, and publisher are responsible for enhancing the stature of the journal. I wish for a great success for JCDR."



Thanking you
With sincere regards
Dr. Rajendra Kumar Ghritlaharey, M.S., M. Ch., FAIS
Associate Professor,
Department of Paediatric Surgery, Gandhi Medical College & Associated
Kamla Nehru & Hamidia Hospitals Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 001 (India)
E-mail: drrajendrak1@rediffmail.com
On May 11,2011




Dr. Shankar P.R.

"On looking back through my Gmail archives after being requested by the journal to write a short editorial about my experiences of publishing with the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR), I came across an e-mail from Dr. Hemant Jain, Editor, in March 2007, which introduced the new electronic journal. The main features of the journal which were outlined in the e-mail were extensive author support, cash rewards, the peer review process, and other salient features of the journal.
Over a span of over four years, we (I and my colleagues) have published around 25 articles in the journal. In this editorial, I plan to briefly discuss my experiences of publishing with JCDR and the strengths of the journal and to finally address the areas for improvement.
My experiences of publishing with JCDR: Overall, my experiences of publishing withJCDR have been positive. The best point about the journal is that it responds to queries from the author. This may seem to be simple and not too much to ask for, but unfortunately, many journals in the subcontinent and from many developing countries do not respond or they respond with a long delay to the queries from the authors 1. The reasons could be many, including lack of optimal secretarial and other support. Another problem with many journals is the slowness of the review process. Editorial processing and peer review can take anywhere between a year to two years with some journals. Also, some journals do not keep the contributors informed about the progress of the review process. Due to the long review process, the articles can lose their relevance and topicality. A major benefit with JCDR is the timeliness and promptness of its response. In Dr Jain's e-mail which was sent to me in 2007, before the introduction of the Pre-publishing system, he had stated that he had received my submission and that he would get back to me within seven days and he did!
Most of the manuscripts are published within 3 to 4 months of their submission if they are found to be suitable after the review process. JCDR is published bimonthly and the accepted articles were usually published in the next issue. Recently, due to the increased volume of the submissions, the review process has become slower and it ?? Section can take from 4 to 6 months for the articles to be reviewed. The journal has an extensive author support system and it has recently introduced a paid expedited review process. The journal also mentions the average time for processing the manuscript under different submission systems - regular submission and expedited review.
Strengths of the journal: The journal has an online first facility in which the accepted manuscripts may be published on the website before being included in a regular issue of the journal. This cuts down the time between their acceptance and the publication. The journal is indexed in many databases, though not in PubMed. The editorial board should now take steps to index the journal in PubMed. The journal has a system of notifying readers through e-mail when a new issue is released. Also, the articles are available in both the HTML and the PDF formats. I especially like the new and colorful page format of the journal. Also, the access statistics of the articles are available. The prepublication and the manuscript tracking system are also helpful for the authors.
Areas for improvement: In certain cases, I felt that the peer review process of the manuscripts was not up to international standards and that it should be strengthened. Also, the number of manuscripts in an issue is high and it may be difficult for readers to go through all of them. The journal can consider tightening of the peer review process and increasing the quality standards for the acceptance of the manuscripts. I faced occasional problems with the online manuscript submission (Pre-publishing) system, which have to be addressed.
Overall, the publishing process with JCDR has been smooth, quick and relatively hassle free and I can recommend other authors to consider the journal as an outlet for their work."



Dr. P. Ravi Shankar
KIST Medical College, P.O. Box 14142, Kathmandu, Nepal.
E-mail: ravi.dr.shankar@gmail.com
On April 2011
Anuradha

Dear team JCDR, I would like to thank you for the very professional and polite service provided by everyone at JCDR. While i have been in the field of writing and editing for sometime, this has been my first attempt in publishing a scientific paper.Thank you for hand-holding me through the process.


Dr. Anuradha
E-mail: anuradha2nittur@gmail.com
On Jan 2020

Important Notice

Dentistry
Year : 2011 | Month : November | Volume : 5 | Issue : 6 | Page : 1307 - 1309 Full Version

Radiological Evaluation of A Large Complex Odontoma by Computed Tomography


Published: November 1, 2011 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2011/.1611
Lakshmi Kavitha N, Venkateswarlu M and Geetha P

Lakshmi Kavitha. N Senior Lecturer Dept. of Oral Medicine and Radiology Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences Sreepuram, Narketpally Nalgonda, Andhra Pradesh-India. Phone : 9849678533 E-mail : drkavitha_p@yahoo.co.in

Correspondence Address :
Lakshmi Kavitha. N
Senior Lecturer
Dept. of Oral Medicine and Radiology
Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences
Sreepuram, Narketpally Nalgonda,
Andhra Pradesh-India.
Phone : 9849678533
E-mail : drkavitha_p@yahoo.co.in

Abstract

Complex odontomas are less frequently found as compared to the compound odontomas and they are considered to be hamartomatous malformations rather than true neoplasms. They are generally asymptomatic and are frequently found during a routine radiological examination. Occasionally, they become infected and cause pain and swelling. Here, we report a case of infected complex odontoma and the importance of CT in terms of its diagnosis and treatment planning.

Keywords

Complex odontoma, computed tomography, dense radioopacity.

INTRODUCTION
Odontomas are the most common of the odontogenic tumours of the jaws and are characterized by their slow growth and non aggressive behaviour. They are mixed tumours, consisting of both epithelial and mesenchymal cells, that present a complete dental tissue differentiation (enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp).(1),(2) The lesions are invariably asymptomatic and are usually discovered on routine radiographical examinations during the second and third decades of life. (2),(3) The CT imaging characteristics of complex odontomas have been reported in only a few cases and to our knowledge, in only 2 reported cases in the literature. (1),(2) We present here, the contribution of CT in diagnosing a large painful complex odontoma.

Case Report

A 27 year old male presented with a complaint of pain and swelling in the lower left jaw posterior region since 5 days. The clinical examination revealed a well defined, hard, painful intra oral swelling in the left retro molar region. The swelling seemed to extend from the mesial surface of the left second molar to the retro molar region on the left side. The surface of the swelling was slightly ulcerated due to the pressure which was exerted by the maxillary teeth on occlusion. The lower left third molar (38) was found to be missing. Bicortical expansion was present.

OPG revealed a huge, well defined, uniformly dense, rounded radio opacity (about 4X4 cm) which was distal to the mandibular left second molar and overlying the coronal portion of the mandibular left third molar, which was displaced disto-inferiorly. A uniform, welldefined, radiolucent halo surrounded the radiopacity. The radiopacity seemed to superimpose on the roots of the left second molar. The mandibular canal was displaced inferiorly. There was no evidence of any root resorption in the left mandibular second molar. (Table/Fig 1)

Computerized tomography scan images were obtained in the axial, coronal, sagittal and panoramic views, with 3-D reconstruction. The axial section revealed a well defined, homogenously hyper dense lesion with 1800 Hounsfield units, within the left medullary cavity of the posterior aspect of the mandible, extending up to the levelof the ramus. The lesion was displacing an impacted 3rd molar inferiorly (Table/Fig 2)

. A thin, well defined, hypo dense area surrounded the hyper dense lesion, which was suggestive of a soft tissue capsule. There was an evidence of the buccolingual expansion of the cortex, with no break. There was no evidence of soft tissue extension. The coronal, sagittal and reconstructed panoramic CT views showed the size and extent of the lesions in all the three dimensions, which was essential for the surgical planning (Table/Fig 3),(Table/Fig 4) and(Table/Fig 5).

Surgical excision was carried out under general anaesthesia and the histological analysis confirmed a complex odontoma.

Discussion

The term ‘odontoma’ (or odontome) which was firstly described by Paul Broca in 1867, was originally used as a general descriptive for any tumour (in its broadest sense) of odontogenic origin.(4) Broca defined the term as ‘tumours which were formed by the overgrowth or the transitory of the complete dental tissue’. (5) The aetiology of odontomas has been attributed to various pathological conditions like local trauma, inflammatory and/ or infectious processes and hereditary anomalies (Gardener’s syndrome, Hermann’s syndrome). Odontoblastic hyperactivity and alterations in the genetic component is responsible for controlling the dental development (6),(7),(8).

Odontomas are benign tumours which contain various component tissues of the teeth and they are the most common odontogenic tumours which constitute 22% of all the odontogenic tumours of the jaws (9). There are two types of odontomas: complex odontomas and compound odontomas – the latter being twice as frequent as the former. Compound odontomas show a prediliction in the anterior section of the upper maxilla, while complex odontomas are typically found in the posterior mandibular region (10). They may be discovered at any age, although less than 10% of them are found in patients over 40 years of age. Although they are commonly asymptomatic, the clinical indicators of odontoma may include the retention of the deciduous teeth, the non-eruption of the permanent teeth, pain, expansion of the cortical bone and tooth displacement. Other symptoms include anaesthesia in the lower lip and swelling in the affected area (2),(7). In the present case,pain was the first symptom, probably due to secondary infection, which can occur because of the replacement of bone by a large amount of avascular hard tissue.

The radiological appearance of complex odontomas depends on their stage of development and the degree of mineralization. The first stage is characterized by radiolucency due to lack of calcification. Partial calcification is observed in the intermediate stage, while in the third stage, the lesion usually appears radio opaque, with amorphous masses of dental hard tissue which are surrounded by a thin radiolucent zone which corresponds to the connective tissue capsule histologically (7).

Our case showed a well defined, homogenously dense, radio opaque internal structure which was surrounded by a radiolucent halo which was surrounded by a thin sclerotic line around an impacted left third molar. Additional radiographical evaluation with CT was necessary to determine the extension, expansion, thinning and perforation of the lesion, which can be readily assessed by using bone windows. The precise relationship of the unerupted third molar to the large complex odontoma in the sagittal plane waseasily visualised by CT, thus aiding in the surgical management.

The degree of opacity, the location, the well defined border and the zone of lucency differentiate complex odontomas from other opaque lesions within the jaw. The lesions that may share radiographical features with complex odontomas include cementoblastomas, osteoid osteomas, cementossifying fibromas and focal cementosseous dysplasias (3).

The surgical treatment consists of complete enucleation and curettage of the lesion and the surrounding area. The recurrence is occasional, but uncommon. A careful histological and radiographical examination of these tumours is necessary, because these lesions may resemble a much more aggressive neoplasm, the odontoameloblastoma (2).

In conclusion, the use of CT, in addition to OPG, was valuable in the visualization of the relationship of the unerupted third molar and a complex odontoma in the sagittal plane, thus aiding in the surgical management.

References

1.
Sales MA, Cavalcanti MG. Complex odontoma which was associated with a dentigerous cyst in the maxillary sinus: case report and computed tomography features. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 2009; 38:48–52.
2.
Isler SC, Damircan S, Soluk M, Cebi Z. Radiological evaluation of an unusually sized complex odontoma involving the maxillary sinus by cone beam computed tomography. Quintissence International 2009; 40 (7): 533-5.
3.
Trivedi A, Gupta SD, Dua N, Mehta R, Mahajan S. Infected compound odontoma. A case report. BFUDJ 2010; 1 (1) july 63-5.
4.
Zoremchhingi, Joseph T, Varma B, Mungara J. A compound composite odontoma which was associated with an unerupted permanent incisor. A case report. J Indian Soc Ped Prev Dent 2004; 22(4): 114-7.
5.
Batra P, Gupta S, Pajan K, Duffal R, Hariprakash. Odontomesdiagnosis and treatment and 4 case reports. JPFA 2003;19:73-6.
6.
Shekhar SE, Roopa S R, Gunasheela B, Supriya N. Erupted compound odontoma. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. 2009 ;13, (1): 47-50.
7.
Vengal M, Arora H, Ghosh S, Pai KM. Large erupting complex odontoma: A case report. J Can Dent Assoc 2007;73:169-71.
8.
Singh S, Singh M, Singh I, Kandelwal D. Compound composite odontome which was associated with an unerupted deciduous incisors, a rarity. J Indian Society of Preventive Dent 2005;9:146-50. [9 Amado CS, Gargallo AJ, Berini AL, Gay EC. Review of 61 cases of odontoma: Presentation of an erupted complex odontoma. Med Oral 2003;8:366-73.
10.
Litonjua L, Suresh L, Valderrama L, Neiders M. Erupted complex odontoma: A case report and literature review. Gen Dent 2004;52:248- 51.

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