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Authors are the souls of any journal, and deserve much respect. To publish a journal manuscripts are needed from authors. Authors have a great responsibility for producing facts of their work in terms of number and results truthfully and an individual honesty is expected from authors in this regards. Both ways its true "No authors-No manuscripts-No journals" and "No journals–No manuscripts–No authors". Reviewing a manuscript is also a very responsible and important task of any peer-reviewed journal and to be taken seriously. It needs knowledge on the subject, sincerity, honesty and determination. Although the process of reviewing a manuscript is a time consuming task butit is expected to give one's best remarks within the time frame of the journal.
Salient features of the JCDR: It is a biomedical, multidisciplinary (including all medical and dental specialities), e-journal, with wide scope and extensive author support. At the same time, a free text of manuscript is available in HTML and PDF format. There is fast growing authorship and readership with JCDR as this can be judged by the number of articles published in it i e; in Feb 2007 of its first issue, it contained 5 articles only, and now in its recent volume published in April 2011, it contained 67 manuscripts. This e-journal is fulfilling the commitments and objectives sincerely, (as stated by Editor-in-chief in his preface to first edition) i e; to encourage physicians through the internet, especially from the developing countries who witness a spectrum of disease and acquire a wealth of knowledge to publish their experiences to benefit the medical community in patients care. I also feel that many of us have work of substance, newer ideas, adequate clinical materials but poor in medical writing and hesitation to submit the work and need help. JCDR provides authors help in this regards.
Timely publication of journal: Publication of manuscripts and bringing out the issue in time is one of the positive aspects of JCDR and is possible with strong support team in terms of peer reviewers, proof reading, language check, computer operators, etc. This is one of the great reasons for authors to submit their work with JCDR. Another best part of JCDR is "Online first Publications" facilities available for the authors. This facility not only provides the prompt publications of the manuscripts but at the same time also early availability of the manuscripts for the readers.
Indexation and online availability: Indexation transforms the journal in some sense from its local ownership to the worldwide professional community and to the public.JCDR is indexed with Embase & EMbiology, Google Scholar, Index Copernicus, Chemical Abstracts Service, Journal seek Database, Indian Science Abstracts, to name few of them. Manuscriptspublished in JCDR are available on major search engines ie; google, yahoo, msn.
In the era of fast growing newer technologies, and in computer and internet friendly environment the manuscripts preparation, submission, review, revision, etc and all can be done and checked with a click from all corer of the world, at any time. Of course there is always a scope for improvement in every field and none is perfect. To progress, one needs to identify the areas of one's weakness and to strengthen them.
It is well said that "happy beginning is half done" and it fits perfectly with JCDR. It has grown considerably and I feel it has already grown up from its infancy to adolescence, achieving the status of standard online e-journal form Indian continent since its inception in Feb 2007. This had been made possible due to the efforts and the hard work put in it. The way the JCDR is improving with every new volume, with good quality original manuscripts, makes it a quality journal for readers. I must thank and congratulate Dr Hemant Jain, Editor-in-Chief JCDR and his team for their sincere efforts, dedication, and determination for making JCDR a fast growing journal.
Every one of us: authors, reviewers, editors, and publisher are responsible for enhancing the stature of the journal. I wish for a great success for JCDR."
Thanking you
With sincere regards
Dr. Rajendra Kumar Ghritlaharey, M.S., M. Ch., FAIS
Associate Professor,
Department of Paediatric Surgery, Gandhi Medical College & Associated
Kamla Nehru & Hamidia Hospitals Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 001 (India)
E-mail: drrajendrak1@rediffmail.com
On May 11,2011
Dr. Shankar P.R.
"On looking back through my Gmail archives after being requested by the journal to write a short editorial about my experiences of publishing with the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR), I came across an e-mail from Dr. Hemant Jain, Editor, in March 2007, which introduced the new electronic journal. The main features of the journal which were outlined in the e-mail were extensive author support, cash rewards, the peer review process, and other salient features of the journal.
Over a span of over four years, we (I and my colleagues) have published around 25 articles in the journal. In this editorial, I plan to briefly discuss my experiences of publishing with JCDR and the strengths of the journal and to finally address the areas for improvement.
My experiences of publishing with JCDR: Overall, my experiences of publishing withJCDR have been positive. The best point about the journal is that it responds to queries from the author. This may seem to be simple and not too much to ask for, but unfortunately, many journals in the subcontinent and from many developing countries do not respond or they respond with a long delay to the queries from the authors 1. The reasons could be many, including lack of optimal secretarial and other support. Another problem with many journals is the slowness of the review process. Editorial processing and peer review can take anywhere between a year to two years with some journals. Also, some journals do not keep the contributors informed about the progress of the review process. Due to the long review process, the articles can lose their relevance and topicality. A major benefit with JCDR is the timeliness and promptness of its response. In Dr Jain's e-mail which was sent to me in 2007, before the introduction of the Pre-publishing system, he had stated that he had received my submission and that he would get back to me within seven days and he did!
Most of the manuscripts are published within 3 to 4 months of their submission if they are found to be suitable after the review process. JCDR is published bimonthly and the accepted articles were usually published in the next issue. Recently, due to the increased volume of the submissions, the review process has become slower and it ?? Section can take from 4 to 6 months for the articles to be reviewed. The journal has an extensive author support system and it has recently introduced a paid expedited review process. The journal also mentions the average time for processing the manuscript under different submission systems - regular submission and expedited review.
Strengths of the journal: The journal has an online first facility in which the accepted manuscripts may be published on the website before being included in a regular issue of the journal. This cuts down the time between their acceptance and the publication. The journal is indexed in many databases, though not in PubMed. The editorial board should now take steps to index the journal in PubMed. The journal has a system of notifying readers through e-mail when a new issue is released. Also, the articles are available in both the HTML and the PDF formats. I especially like the new and colorful page format of the journal. Also, the access statistics of the articles are available. The prepublication and the manuscript tracking system are also helpful for the authors.
Areas for improvement: In certain cases, I felt that the peer review process of the manuscripts was not up to international standards and that it should be strengthened. Also, the number of manuscripts in an issue is high and it may be difficult for readers to go through all of them. The journal can consider tightening of the peer review process and increasing the quality standards for the acceptance of the manuscripts. I faced occasional problems with the online manuscript submission (Pre-publishing) system, which have to be addressed.
Overall, the publishing process with JCDR has been smooth, quick and relatively hassle free and I can recommend other authors to consider the journal as an outlet for their work."
Dr. P. Ravi Shankar
KIST Medical College, P.O. Box 14142, Kathmandu, Nepal.
E-mail: ravi.dr.shankar@gmail.com
On April 2011 Anuradha
Dear team JCDR, I would like to thank you for the very professional and polite service provided by everyone at JCDR. While i have been in the field of writing and editing for sometime, this has been my first attempt in publishing a scientific paper.Thank you for hand-holding me through the process.
Dr. Anuradha
E-mail: anuradha2nittur@gmail.com
On Jan 2020
Original article / research
Full Version
The correlation of the duration of Diabetes with Anthropometric Indices in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus
Correspondence Address :
Dr. Archna Dambal, Assistant Professor, Dept of General Medicine,
Belgaum Institute of Medical Sciences, Belgaum, Karnataka,
India.
E-MAIL: drarchanadambal@gmail.com, Phone: +919845185442
Background: With the increasing incidence of type-2 diabetes mellitus, there is an ever increasing need to correlate this disease with many parameters in order to ease the diagnosis and, to predict the risk factors and the hazards which are associated with it.
Aim: To correlate the duration of diabetes with the waist-hip ratio (WHR) and thigh circumference .
Settings and design: This is was a comparative study which was conducted on 30 subjects
Material and Methods: Twenty two males and eight females who were, already diagnosed as to be having type-2 diabetes mellitus, were considered for the study. The history regarding the duration of diabetes mellitus with its duration was noted down. The anthropometric measurements (height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference and, thigh circumference) were made by using standard procedures. The Body Mass Index (BMI) and the Waist Hip Ratio were also calculated.
Statistical analysis: The statistical analysis was made done by Pearson’s correlation, by using the SPSS software (version15.0).
Results: There was a positive correlation between the duration of diabetes and the waist hip ratio and a negative correlation between the duration of diabetes and the thigh circumference. Conclusion: As the duration of diabetes mellitus increases, the anthropometric parameters also increase, and so does the incidence of cardiovascular risk, thus signaling suggesting that a check to must be kept on the much easily measurable anthropometric parameters, which could warn about the future risks.
Waist- hip ratio, thigh circumference, type-2 diabetes mellitus, anthropometry
India is experiencing an epidemic of type-2 diabetes and related disorders (1), (2). Several anthropometric indices have been devised to help the clinicians to predict the cardiovascular risk, including body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference and the waist-hip ratio (3). A higher waist-to-hip ratio, which can be due to a higher waist circumference, a lower hip circumference, or both, is associated with higher glucose levels and incident diabetes (4). Both the waist circumference and the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) are commonly used indicators of abnormal obesity (5), apart from body mass index.
Several studies in adults have reported a stronger positive association between the cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, and lipid and glucose concentrations with abnormal adiposity (measured by waist circumference or WHR), than with the overall adiposity(as measured by BMI) (6), (7), (8).
The muscle mass might may be better reflected by the thigh circumference (4). The thigh circumference might be a better indicator for the leg muscle mass than the hip circumference because it might be less influenced by the bone (pelvic width) and the gluteal fat (4). In this study, we considered the independent contributions of the thigh circumference and the waist-hip ratio with the duration of diabetes mellitus.
This comparative study comprised of 30 subjects who were, aged above 30 years, with a past history of diabetes mellitus. An equal number of age and sex matched controls were included in the study. Ethical clearance was obtained from the institution. Informed consent was also obtained from each subject. The history of diabetes mellitus was noted down by oral questioning.
The height was measured in from barefoot to the nearest 0.1cm by using a wall fixed stadiometer. The body weight was recorded to the nearest 0.1 kg by using a portable weighing machine. The body mass index was calculated as the weight divided by the squared height squared (kg/m2). By using a measuring tape, the waist circumference was measured at the level which was midway between the lowest rib margin and the iliac crest, the hip circumference at the widest level over the trochanters and the thigh circumference directly below the gluteal fold of the left leg. WHR was calculated as by dividing the waist circumference divided by the hip circumference.
The statistical analysis was made done by Pearson’s correlation by using the SPSS software package (version 15.0).
The mean age of the subjects in the study group (cases) was 52.74 years and that of the subjects in the control group (controls) was 51.93 years. The distribution of the subjects into different ageThere were 22 male and 08 female subjects in the study group whereas and 20 male and 10 female subjects in the control group.
The mean height of the subjects in the study group was 158.20±9.37 and that of the subjects in the control group was, 154.63±8.05. The mean weight of the subjects in the study group was 71.20±12.7 and that of the subjects in the control group was, 65.84±13.06. The mean BMI of the subjects in the study group was 28.83±5.87 and that of the subjects in the control group was, 24.42±5.5. The mean waist circumference of the subjects in the study group was 92.46±10.23 and that of the subjects in the control group was, 88.3±4.10. The mean hip circumference of the subjects in the study group was 105.58±6.09 and that of the subjects in the control group was, 98.63±9.87. The mean WHR of the subjects in the study group was 0.91±0.11and that of the subjects in the control group was, 0.61±0.64. The mean thigh circumference of the subjects in the study group was44. 92±4 and that of the subjects in the control group was, 43.8±4.31 (Table/Fig 2).
A positive correlation was found between the duration of diabetes mellitus and the waist-hip ratio (Table/Fig 1). There was a negative correlation between the duration of diabetes mellitus and the thigh circumference (Table/Fig 2).
On analyzing the results of the present study, it was found that the subjects in the study group had significantly more weight and BMI, whereas there was no significant difference in the height. BMI is the most frequently used measure of obesity because of the robust nature of the measurements of weight and height and the widespread use of these measurements in the population health surveys. BMI does not however take into account the proportion of the weight which is related to the increased muscle or the distribution of excess fat within the body, both of which affect the health risks whichare associated with obesity (6). The waist-hip ratio and BMI have been found to be powerful predictors of NIDDM in men and women (9), (10), (11). Recent reports document the associations of the waist circumference with cardiovascular risk factors (9), (12), (13).
In the present study, the study group subjects had a significantly higher waist circumference, hip circumference and WHR. Although, there was a higher thigh circumference, it was not statistically significant. There was a positive correlation between the duration of diabetes and the WHR, whereas a negative correlation was found between the duration of diabetes and the thigh circumference.
Shigetoh et al (2009), in their study, suggested that there are at least three mechanisms by which the sympathetic activation may predispose to diabetes mellitus, as well as and by which the higher sympathetic activity may predispose ing to many cardiovascular ill effects (14). There is more sympathetic activation in obesity. It was demonstrated by Deibert et al (1980), that the stimulation of the ß-adrenergic receptors caused acute insulin résistance (15). They infused epinephrine into humans, which caused an acute reduction in the insulin-stimulated uptake of glucose (15). Secondly, chronic ß-adrenergic stimulation increases the proportion of insulin-resistant fast-twitch muscle fibers in rats (16). The third mechanism may be the most important; the sympathetic activation causes vasoconstriction and decreases the skeletal muscle blood flow, resulting in the impairment of glucose uptake into the skeletal muscles (17).
Studies by Parker et al (2009) have shown that a larger hip circumference significantly reduces the risk of incident diabetes and coronary heart disease (18). Studies by Snijder et al (2003) (4) have also suggested that the thigh circumference was strongly and negatively associated with the waist-hip ratio and the duration of diabetes. A high WHR has been associated with a higher proportion of type II b muscle fibers and a lower capillary density at the thigh, which may be associated with decreased glucose transport and reduced insulin sensitivity (4), (19).
Larger thigh and hip circumferences could also reflect increased femoral and gluteal subcutaneous fat respectively. Particularly in women, these depots have a relatively high lipoprotein lipase activity and a relatively low rate of basal and stimulated lipolysis (20). These depots may protect the liver and muscle from a high exposure to free fatty acids through uptake and storage. The interpretation of the hip circumference, however, may be different between in men and women. It is plausible that the variation in the hip circumference in women is explained mostly by the variation in the gluteal fat mass and the pelvic width, whereas in men, the muscle mass might be the main determinant (4).
In conclusion, the present study shows that the duration of diabetes mellitus has a positive correlation with the WHR whereas and a negative correlation with the thigh circumference. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanism that may lead to the negative association of the thigh circumference with diabetes mellitus.
- As the duration of diabetes mellitus increases, the anthropometric parameters also increase, and so does the incidence of cardiovascular risk. - Hence, a check has to be kept on the much easily measurable anthropometric parameters, which could warn about the future risks.
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