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Authors are the souls of any journal, and deserve much respect. To publish a journal manuscripts are needed from authors. Authors have a great responsibility for producing facts of their work in terms of number and results truthfully and an individual honesty is expected from authors in this regards. Both ways its true "No authors-No manuscripts-No journals" and "No journals–No manuscripts–No authors". Reviewing a manuscript is also a very responsible and important task of any peer-reviewed journal and to be taken seriously. It needs knowledge on the subject, sincerity, honesty and determination. Although the process of reviewing a manuscript is a time consuming task butit is expected to give one's best remarks within the time frame of the journal.
Salient features of the JCDR: It is a biomedical, multidisciplinary (including all medical and dental specialities), e-journal, with wide scope and extensive author support. At the same time, a free text of manuscript is available in HTML and PDF format. There is fast growing authorship and readership with JCDR as this can be judged by the number of articles published in it i e; in Feb 2007 of its first issue, it contained 5 articles only, and now in its recent volume published in April 2011, it contained 67 manuscripts. This e-journal is fulfilling the commitments and objectives sincerely, (as stated by Editor-in-chief in his preface to first edition) i e; to encourage physicians through the internet, especially from the developing countries who witness a spectrum of disease and acquire a wealth of knowledge to publish their experiences to benefit the medical community in patients care. I also feel that many of us have work of substance, newer ideas, adequate clinical materials but poor in medical writing and hesitation to submit the work and need help. JCDR provides authors help in this regards.
Timely publication of journal: Publication of manuscripts and bringing out the issue in time is one of the positive aspects of JCDR and is possible with strong support team in terms of peer reviewers, proof reading, language check, computer operators, etc. This is one of the great reasons for authors to submit their work with JCDR. Another best part of JCDR is "Online first Publications" facilities available for the authors. This facility not only provides the prompt publications of the manuscripts but at the same time also early availability of the manuscripts for the readers.
Indexation and online availability: Indexation transforms the journal in some sense from its local ownership to the worldwide professional community and to the public.JCDR is indexed with Embase & EMbiology, Google Scholar, Index Copernicus, Chemical Abstracts Service, Journal seek Database, Indian Science Abstracts, to name few of them. Manuscriptspublished in JCDR are available on major search engines ie; google, yahoo, msn.
In the era of fast growing newer technologies, and in computer and internet friendly environment the manuscripts preparation, submission, review, revision, etc and all can be done and checked with a click from all corer of the world, at any time. Of course there is always a scope for improvement in every field and none is perfect. To progress, one needs to identify the areas of one's weakness and to strengthen them.
It is well said that "happy beginning is half done" and it fits perfectly with JCDR. It has grown considerably and I feel it has already grown up from its infancy to adolescence, achieving the status of standard online e-journal form Indian continent since its inception in Feb 2007. This had been made possible due to the efforts and the hard work put in it. The way the JCDR is improving with every new volume, with good quality original manuscripts, makes it a quality journal for readers. I must thank and congratulate Dr Hemant Jain, Editor-in-Chief JCDR and his team for their sincere efforts, dedication, and determination for making JCDR a fast growing journal.
Every one of us: authors, reviewers, editors, and publisher are responsible for enhancing the stature of the journal. I wish for a great success for JCDR."
Thanking you
With sincere regards
Dr. Rajendra Kumar Ghritlaharey, M.S., M. Ch., FAIS
Associate Professor,
Department of Paediatric Surgery, Gandhi Medical College & Associated
Kamla Nehru & Hamidia Hospitals Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 001 (India)
E-mail: drrajendrak1@rediffmail.com
On May 11,2011
Dr. Shankar P.R.
"On looking back through my Gmail archives after being requested by the journal to write a short editorial about my experiences of publishing with the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR), I came across an e-mail from Dr. Hemant Jain, Editor, in March 2007, which introduced the new electronic journal. The main features of the journal which were outlined in the e-mail were extensive author support, cash rewards, the peer review process, and other salient features of the journal.
Over a span of over four years, we (I and my colleagues) have published around 25 articles in the journal. In this editorial, I plan to briefly discuss my experiences of publishing with JCDR and the strengths of the journal and to finally address the areas for improvement.
My experiences of publishing with JCDR: Overall, my experiences of publishing withJCDR have been positive. The best point about the journal is that it responds to queries from the author. This may seem to be simple and not too much to ask for, but unfortunately, many journals in the subcontinent and from many developing countries do not respond or they respond with a long delay to the queries from the authors 1. The reasons could be many, including lack of optimal secretarial and other support. Another problem with many journals is the slowness of the review process. Editorial processing and peer review can take anywhere between a year to two years with some journals. Also, some journals do not keep the contributors informed about the progress of the review process. Due to the long review process, the articles can lose their relevance and topicality. A major benefit with JCDR is the timeliness and promptness of its response. In Dr Jain's e-mail which was sent to me in 2007, before the introduction of the Pre-publishing system, he had stated that he had received my submission and that he would get back to me within seven days and he did!
Most of the manuscripts are published within 3 to 4 months of their submission if they are found to be suitable after the review process. JCDR is published bimonthly and the accepted articles were usually published in the next issue. Recently, due to the increased volume of the submissions, the review process has become slower and it ?? Section can take from 4 to 6 months for the articles to be reviewed. The journal has an extensive author support system and it has recently introduced a paid expedited review process. The journal also mentions the average time for processing the manuscript under different submission systems - regular submission and expedited review.
Strengths of the journal: The journal has an online first facility in which the accepted manuscripts may be published on the website before being included in a regular issue of the journal. This cuts down the time between their acceptance and the publication. The journal is indexed in many databases, though not in PubMed. The editorial board should now take steps to index the journal in PubMed. The journal has a system of notifying readers through e-mail when a new issue is released. Also, the articles are available in both the HTML and the PDF formats. I especially like the new and colorful page format of the journal. Also, the access statistics of the articles are available. The prepublication and the manuscript tracking system are also helpful for the authors.
Areas for improvement: In certain cases, I felt that the peer review process of the manuscripts was not up to international standards and that it should be strengthened. Also, the number of manuscripts in an issue is high and it may be difficult for readers to go through all of them. The journal can consider tightening of the peer review process and increasing the quality standards for the acceptance of the manuscripts. I faced occasional problems with the online manuscript submission (Pre-publishing) system, which have to be addressed.
Overall, the publishing process with JCDR has been smooth, quick and relatively hassle free and I can recommend other authors to consider the journal as an outlet for their work."
Dr. P. Ravi Shankar
KIST Medical College, P.O. Box 14142, Kathmandu, Nepal.
E-mail: ravi.dr.shankar@gmail.com
On April 2011 Anuradha
Dear team JCDR, I would like to thank you for the very professional and polite service provided by everyone at JCDR. While i have been in the field of writing and editing for sometime, this has been my first attempt in publishing a scientific paper.Thank you for hand-holding me through the process.
Dr. Anuradha
E-mail: anuradha2nittur@gmail.com
On Jan 2020
Dentistry
Full Version
Bilateral Bifid Mandibular Condyle
Correspondence Address :
Dr.Avinash Tejasvi.M.L, SENIOR LECTURER
Department of oral medicine and radiology.
Kamineni Institute Of Dental Sciences,
Narketpally, Nalagonda Dist, Andhra Pradesh.
Telephone – 09246916062
E mail: avinash_tejaswi@yahoo.co.in
The bifid condyle is a rather uncommon condition that is diagnosed radiographically. It is characterized by the duplicity of the head of the mandibular condyle and thus, it is also known as double - headed condyle. The bifid condyle’s aetiology and pathogenesis are not known. It is said that it may be a developmental abnormality or that it may occur due to trauma. In the literature, only 30 cases of bilateral bifid mandibular condyle have been reported. The present case is a 23-yearold young male patient with bilateral bifid mandibular condyle, which was diagnosed during a panoramic radiographical examination.
Mandibular Condyle, Bifid Condyle, Bilobed Condyle, Panoramic Radiograph, and Double TMJ Radiographic view.
Bilobed Mandibular Condyle is an uncommon anomaly. Hardlicka was the first person to describe this condition in 1941 and he reported 21 cases (18 unilateral and 3 bilateral) in a series of skull specimens from the Smithsonian Institute.(1) The first report on this condition in a living individual was made in 1948 by Schier.(2) The bilobed condyle’s aetiology and pathogenesis is not known. It is said that it may be a developmental abnormality(3) due to trauma and endocrinological, pharmacological and nutritional disorders. Although it is not confirmed, infection, irradiation, and genetic discrepancy may also play a role.(4) This condition is asymptomatic and can be recognized only by routine radiographical examination. Some cases are found in patients with TMJ clicking, ankylosis and trauma
The bifidism of the condylar head can be found unilaterally or bilaterally. On reviewing the literature, it was found that only 30 cases of bilateral bilobed condyle have been described so far.
A 23 -year-old male patient reported to the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology with a chief complaint of forwardly placed teeth in his upper and lower jaw and he aspired for orthodontic treatment. The clinical examination revealed mild mandibular micrognathia and a convex facial profile. The skeletal relationship was bilaterally Angle Class II, division 1 with traumatic occlusion. No deviation or deflection in his jaws was observed. However, his mouth opening and his jaw movements were normal. . On further questioning, the patient revealed a previous history of trauma to his jaws during his childhood and said that no treatment was taken at the time of trauma. The intra oral examination revealed a dentition with four missing maxillary and mandibular premolars, six impacted teeth, five amalgam restorations, and one endodonticaly treated teeth. The patient had not received regular dental care for many year
The diagnostic panoramic radiograph (Table/Fig 1) incidentally revealed bilateral bifid condyles. Further, an open-closed doubleTMJ view of the condyle was taken in the lateral position [Table/Fig 2), and a transpharyngeal radiograph (Table/Fig 2) was taken, which confirmed the diagnosis. No findings were noted in either the history or the clinical examination that could account for the possible aetiology of the bifid condyle, except for a history of trauma long back in his childhood.
The bilobed mandibular condyle is rarely seen, although a number of cases have been reported. The observation of bilateral, bifid mandibular condyles is even rarer. The fact that the condition is asymptomatic it is less likely to be noticed.
Hardlicka was the first person to describe this condition in 1941 and he reported 21 cases (18 unilateral and 3 bilateral) in a series of skull specimens from the Smithsonian Institute.1 The first report on this condition in a living individual was in 3 bilateral.2 Szentpetery5 et al in 1990, surveyed 1882 prehistoric and historic skulls with 2077 condyles. They found 7 bilobed
mandibular condyles, 2 of which in one mandible had bilateral. There are multiple aetiologies of the bifid condyle, for example, endocrine disturbances, exposure to teratogens, nutritional deficiencies, infection, radiation, trauma and genetically induced factors. Bilateral bifidism can result from a primary aberrancy in the embryological or postnatal development
There are many postulates regarding the pathogenesis of bilobed mandibular condyles, which are as follows. Hardlicka20 postulated that obstructed blood supply to the condyle during its development caused the division of the condyle. Blackwood 21 reported that the condylar cartilage, during the early stages of development, is divided by well-vascularized fibrous septa. He suggested that the persistence of this type of septum in the exaggerated form within the growing cartilage, might lead to an error in the development, that would, in turn, give rise to the bifidism of the condyle.
Gundlach et al experimentally induced bifid condyles in animals by injecting teratogenic substances such as N-methyl-Nnitrosourea and formhydroxamic acid in different concentrations at various stages of pregnancy, and they concluded that the bifid condyle is a form of embryopathy which is caused by a combination of a teratogenic agents and the misdirection of the muscle fibres, which then influences bone formation(22).
Walker et al(2)3 stated from their experiments on monkeys, that the bifidism of the condyle could also be due to trauma. Poswillo et al24 stated that bifidism occurs as a result of changes in the position or form of the disc, leading to the formation ofintraarticular septa across the joint space. This, in turn, influences the pattern of condylar regeneration. Post fracture healing and remodelling of the mandibular condyle, if they involve the lateral and medial fragments, have also been linked to the development of ankylosis or bifid mandibular condyles. Szentpetery 25 et al stated that the site of fracture and most probably, its relationship to the insertion of the lateral pterygoid muscle, may determine the future development of a normal or bifid condyle. Several case reports of unilateral bifidism suggest that trauma, such as the condylar fractures birth trauma or surgical condylectomy, can result in bifid condyles. The possible aetiology in this presented case was trauma.
In the literature, it has been said that in the developmental bifid mandibular condyle, there is a separate glenoid fossa for each of the two parts and that in the traumatic bifid mandibular condyle, there is only one glenoid fossa. In the reported case, there was only one glenoid fossa as the bilobed condyle had a traumatic origin.
Bilobed Condyles have been reported in the literature with a mean age of 35 years. Our patient was a male patient and he was 23 years of age. Although this condition is asymptomatic, some cases show symptoms which vary from case to case, but in most instances the symptoms are absent. The most common and predominant symptom is TMJ sounds. Pain, restriction of mandibular movements,trismus, swelling, ankylosis, and facial asymmetries have also been described26. The present case was asymptomatic
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