Article in PDF
How to Cite
Citation Manager
Readers' Comments (0)
Audio Visual Article Statistics
Link
to PUBMED
Print this Article
Send to a Friend
Advertisers
Access Statistics Resources
Authors are the souls of any journal, and deserve much respect. To publish a journal manuscripts are needed from authors. Authors have a great responsibility for producing facts of their work in terms of number and results truthfully and an individual honesty is expected from authors in this regards. Both ways its true "No authors-No manuscripts-No journals" and "No journals–No manuscripts–No authors". Reviewing a manuscript is also a very responsible and important task of any peer-reviewed journal and to be taken seriously. It needs knowledge on the subject, sincerity, honesty and determination. Although the process of reviewing a manuscript is a time consuming task butit is expected to give one's best remarks within the time frame of the journal.
Salient features of the JCDR: It is a biomedical, multidisciplinary (including all medical and dental specialities), e-journal, with wide scope and extensive author support. At the same time, a free text of manuscript is available in HTML and PDF format. There is fast growing authorship and readership with JCDR as this can be judged by the number of articles published in it i e; in Feb 2007 of its first issue, it contained 5 articles only, and now in its recent volume published in April 2011, it contained 67 manuscripts. This e-journal is fulfilling the commitments and objectives sincerely, (as stated by Editor-in-chief in his preface to first edition) i e; to encourage physicians through the internet, especially from the developing countries who witness a spectrum of disease and acquire a wealth of knowledge to publish their experiences to benefit the medical community in patients care. I also feel that many of us have work of substance, newer ideas, adequate clinical materials but poor in medical writing and hesitation to submit the work and need help. JCDR provides authors help in this regards.
Timely publication of journal: Publication of manuscripts and bringing out the issue in time is one of the positive aspects of JCDR and is possible with strong support team in terms of peer reviewers, proof reading, language check, computer operators, etc. This is one of the great reasons for authors to submit their work with JCDR. Another best part of JCDR is "Online first Publications" facilities available for the authors. This facility not only provides the prompt publications of the manuscripts but at the same time also early availability of the manuscripts for the readers.
Indexation and online availability: Indexation transforms the journal in some sense from its local ownership to the worldwide professional community and to the public.JCDR is indexed with Embase & EMbiology, Google Scholar, Index Copernicus, Chemical Abstracts Service, Journal seek Database, Indian Science Abstracts, to name few of them. Manuscriptspublished in JCDR are available on major search engines ie; google, yahoo, msn.
In the era of fast growing newer technologies, and in computer and internet friendly environment the manuscripts preparation, submission, review, revision, etc and all can be done and checked with a click from all corer of the world, at any time. Of course there is always a scope for improvement in every field and none is perfect. To progress, one needs to identify the areas of one's weakness and to strengthen them.
It is well said that "happy beginning is half done" and it fits perfectly with JCDR. It has grown considerably and I feel it has already grown up from its infancy to adolescence, achieving the status of standard online e-journal form Indian continent since its inception in Feb 2007. This had been made possible due to the efforts and the hard work put in it. The way the JCDR is improving with every new volume, with good quality original manuscripts, makes it a quality journal for readers. I must thank and congratulate Dr Hemant Jain, Editor-in-Chief JCDR and his team for their sincere efforts, dedication, and determination for making JCDR a fast growing journal.
Every one of us: authors, reviewers, editors, and publisher are responsible for enhancing the stature of the journal. I wish for a great success for JCDR."
Thanking you
With sincere regards
Dr. Rajendra Kumar Ghritlaharey, M.S., M. Ch., FAIS
Associate Professor,
Department of Paediatric Surgery, Gandhi Medical College & Associated
Kamla Nehru & Hamidia Hospitals Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 001 (India)
E-mail: drrajendrak1@rediffmail.com
On May 11,2011
Dr. Shankar P.R.
"On looking back through my Gmail archives after being requested by the journal to write a short editorial about my experiences of publishing with the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR), I came across an e-mail from Dr. Hemant Jain, Editor, in March 2007, which introduced the new electronic journal. The main features of the journal which were outlined in the e-mail were extensive author support, cash rewards, the peer review process, and other salient features of the journal.
Over a span of over four years, we (I and my colleagues) have published around 25 articles in the journal. In this editorial, I plan to briefly discuss my experiences of publishing with JCDR and the strengths of the journal and to finally address the areas for improvement.
My experiences of publishing with JCDR: Overall, my experiences of publishing withJCDR have been positive. The best point about the journal is that it responds to queries from the author. This may seem to be simple and not too much to ask for, but unfortunately, many journals in the subcontinent and from many developing countries do not respond or they respond with a long delay to the queries from the authors 1. The reasons could be many, including lack of optimal secretarial and other support. Another problem with many journals is the slowness of the review process. Editorial processing and peer review can take anywhere between a year to two years with some journals. Also, some journals do not keep the contributors informed about the progress of the review process. Due to the long review process, the articles can lose their relevance and topicality. A major benefit with JCDR is the timeliness and promptness of its response. In Dr Jain's e-mail which was sent to me in 2007, before the introduction of the Pre-publishing system, he had stated that he had received my submission and that he would get back to me within seven days and he did!
Most of the manuscripts are published within 3 to 4 months of their submission if they are found to be suitable after the review process. JCDR is published bimonthly and the accepted articles were usually published in the next issue. Recently, due to the increased volume of the submissions, the review process has become slower and it ?? Section can take from 4 to 6 months for the articles to be reviewed. The journal has an extensive author support system and it has recently introduced a paid expedited review process. The journal also mentions the average time for processing the manuscript under different submission systems - regular submission and expedited review.
Strengths of the journal: The journal has an online first facility in which the accepted manuscripts may be published on the website before being included in a regular issue of the journal. This cuts down the time between their acceptance and the publication. The journal is indexed in many databases, though not in PubMed. The editorial board should now take steps to index the journal in PubMed. The journal has a system of notifying readers through e-mail when a new issue is released. Also, the articles are available in both the HTML and the PDF formats. I especially like the new and colorful page format of the journal. Also, the access statistics of the articles are available. The prepublication and the manuscript tracking system are also helpful for the authors.
Areas for improvement: In certain cases, I felt that the peer review process of the manuscripts was not up to international standards and that it should be strengthened. Also, the number of manuscripts in an issue is high and it may be difficult for readers to go through all of them. The journal can consider tightening of the peer review process and increasing the quality standards for the acceptance of the manuscripts. I faced occasional problems with the online manuscript submission (Pre-publishing) system, which have to be addressed.
Overall, the publishing process with JCDR has been smooth, quick and relatively hassle free and I can recommend other authors to consider the journal as an outlet for their work."
Dr. P. Ravi Shankar
KIST Medical College, P.O. Box 14142, Kathmandu, Nepal.
E-mail: ravi.dr.shankar@gmail.com
On April 2011 Anuradha
Dear team JCDR, I would like to thank you for the very professional and polite service provided by everyone at JCDR. While i have been in the field of writing and editing for sometime, this has been my first attempt in publishing a scientific paper.Thank you for hand-holding me through the process.
Dr. Anuradha
E-mail: anuradha2nittur@gmail.com
On Jan 2020
Original article / research
Full Version
Effect of Meat Consumption on the Glycaemic Control, Obesity and Blood Pressure in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Correspondence Address :
Dr. Aswini Dutt R.
Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology,
Yenepoya Medical College, Deralakatte,
Mangalore-575018. Karnataka, India.
Phone: +91 9845035530; Fax: +91 8242204667
E-mail: drdutt23@yahoo.com
Background:
Obesity and Diabetes mellitus have become major public health threats across the globe. A high calorie food consumption and the lack of physical exercise are producing generations that are increasingly obese and diabetic. Diet plays an important role in the causation, management and complications of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Objectives:
To compare meat consumption with the glycaemic control, BMI and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective study which was done on the medical records of the patients with type 2 diabetes, who attended the Medicine OPD of a medical college hospital in Mangalore. The study group consisted of 110 male diabetic patients who were on treatment, who were aged between 45 and 65 years. They were divided into two groups, based on their food habits with respect to the type of meat which was consumed (viz. red meat consumers, white meat consumers). Their FBS, PPBS, BMI, blood pressure and diet history were noted. These parameters between the red meat and the white meat consumers were compared by the unpaired t-test.
Results:
The results revealed that red meat consumption was positively associated with a poor glycaemic control in terms of both FBS and PPBS (p < 0.0005). There was a significant association of the red meat consumption with the BMI and blood pressure (p < 0.0005 and p< 0.004 respectively).
Conclusion:
This study indicated that the consumption of red meat may aggravate the indices of glycaemic control, obesity and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes. A moderation of red meat consumption should be advocated to patients with type 2 diabetes.
Red meat, White meat, Type 2 Diabetes, Blood Pressure, BMI, Saturated fat
Introduction
Globalization has created rapid changes in the urban lifestyles. This has resulted in the emergence of obesity and diabetes mellitus, that are growing realities among people worldwide. These epidemics have created a huge financial burden on the economic growth. There are about 171 million diabetic cases worldwide, of which 31 million persons with diabetes are in India (2000) and this number is predicted to rise to almost 366 million globally and 79.4 million in India by 2030, according to the Diabetes prevalence predictions (1). A proper dietary management can help in the treatment and prevention of various metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and the resultant cardiovascular diseases (2). High intake of red meat like beef and mutton, sweets and oily foods are associated with an increased incidence of DM worldwide (3). A diet which is rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, a limited amount of dairy products, fish and lesser red meat can reduce the incidence of cardio metabolic disorders (4). Insulin resistance has been associated with the development of the cardio metabolic syndrome (5). Recent studies have shown that food habits are linked to the risk of insulin resistance, DM and cardiovascular disease (2),(3),(4),(5). Red meat consumption may lead to insulin resistance and hyper-insulinaemia in susceptible persons (6). Other studies have suggested that that more consumption of fish, seafood and white meat may reduce the risk of DM in populations with a prevalence of obesity (7) and hypertension (8). Original Article Metabolic Section As the meat consumption alters their diabetic status, we sought to find out the association of the meat intake and the glycaemic control, Body Mass Index (BMI) and the blood pressure in patients with DM.
This was a retrospective study which was done from the medical records of the patients with DM, who attended the Medicine Department of a medical college hospital in Mangalore, Karnataka, India, who lived around this coastal area. Ethical clearance was obtained for this project. The study group consisted of 110 male diabetic patients who were aged between 45 and 65years. They were divided into two groups based on their predominant food habits, with respect to the type of meat which was consumed. (Viz. red meat consumers, white meat consumers). One group consisted of 50 subjects who predominantly consumed red meat for at least 5 days a week. The other group had 60 age matched subjects; exclusively white meat consumers for at least 5 days a week. The cases were chosen randomly for the red meat consuming group. Their diet histories were collected from the dietician’s record, that included the amount of food which was consumed everyday for one week for the individual patients. We have plotted the different food items which were consumed along with the meat intake. (grams/week) Their anthropometric measurements, blood pressure (BP) recordings, fasting blood sugar (FBS) and post prandial blood sugar (PPBS) values and the duration of diabetes and hypertension were noted. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (in kilograms) divided by standing height (in meters squared). Those with a BMI which was greater than 24.9 kg/m2 were defined as overweight and those with a BMI which was greater than 29.9 kg/ m2 were defined as obese. People with systolic/diastolic blood pressure levels of >/= 140/90 mmHg were defined as having hypertension as per the JNC 7 criteria. These parameters between the red meat and the white meat consumers were compared by the unpaired t-test. The statistical software, SPSS, ver17 and MS Excel (2007) was used for the statistical analysis. The data were analyzed for the normal distribution and descriptive statistics were used. All the tests were two-tailed and they were conducted at a 0.05 significance level.
(Table/Fig 1) shows the mean± SD of the age of the patients and of the duration of the diabetes, the mean± SD of the fasting blood sugar (FBS) and of the post-prandial blood sugar (PPBS), of BMI, of the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and of the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of the two groups.FBS (p<.0005), PPBS (p<.0005), BMI (p<.0005), SBP (p<.0005) and DBP (p=.004) were significantly higher in the red meat diet group in comparison with those in the white meat diet group. (Table/Fig 2) depicts the average diet pattern of the predominant red meat consumers. In a week, there was a consumption of 1558.3 grams of red meat that included beef and mutton, amidst other regular food items of costal Karnataka. This group also consumed a small amount of white meat (66grams/week) (Table/Fig 3) shows the average diet pattern of the exclusive white meat consumers. This group consumed 2000grams of white meat in the form of fish and chicken exclusively in a week’s time.
This study showed that a relatively higher consumption of red meat may aggravate the indices of the glycaemic control, blood pressure and BMI in Diabetes mellitus. This coincided with the findings of earlier studies, which revealed that a diet which was rich in red meat increased the blood glucose levels (9). The saturated fat content of the red meat was the main causative factor for the emergence of insulin resistance in DM (10). Regular chicken intake (white meat) was associated with a moderately decreased risk of DM, as was shown in Nurses’ Health Study (11).The consumption of a diet which contained fish, which was a white meat, could prevent or control the emergence of DM (12).The presence of the omega-3 fatty acids which were present in fish could decrease the occurrence of DM and heart diseases (13). Insulin resistance which is linked with obesity and cardiovascular abnormality is known as ‘the metabolic syndrome’. Over the years, the tissues fail to respond to the increasing insulin levels. Increased levels of triglycerides in the muscle tissue and free fatty acids are seen in the patients of DM (14). Later, the beta cells of the pancreas get exhausted and they cease production, resulting in clinical DM (15). Insulin resistance causes glycogenesis and an increased glucose uptake in the muscle cells. The circulating free fatty acid concentration is increased in adipocytes as a result of increased lipolysis (16). The higher the saturated fatty acid content of the dietary fat which results in higher plasma membrane fatty acid profiles, the more insulin action is impaired (17). High fat consumption causes obesity and insulin resistance (18). There exists a clear association between the dietary fats, lipid profiles and the insulin resistance (19). Fish oil prevented the development of insulin resistance in experimental rats which were earlier fed with safflower oil (20). Poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) regulate the insulin sensitive glucose uptake (ISGU) in isolated adipocytes (21). In animals, an isocaloric, saturated fat diet was found to enhance the weight more than the unsaturated fats which were present in white meat could enhance it (22). Similar results were found in humans (23), which were demonstrated by the increasing waistline measurements (24). The meta-analyses of randomized trials have shown decreased blood pressure levels in hypertensives who consumed fish oil which had PUFAs. An enhanced endothelial vasodilator function, the reduced reactivity of the resistant vessel vascular smooth muscle and an increased vascular compliance could be the underlying causes for the beneficial effect of the PUFAs on blood pressure, as was depicted in animal studies (25), (26), (27). Recent research data has indicated that multiple improvements in the food intake lowered the BP levels of adults, both in pre hypertensives and hypertensives. PUFAs offered more benefits than the known benefits of reduced sodium chloride, increased potassium, prevention of obesity and excess alcohol intake in reducing the BP. This finding was consistent with meta-analytic data of the RCTs. Thus, these results on a major coronary vascular disease risk factor has lent good support to the current recommendations for the increased ingestion of PUFAs from marine and vegetable sources (28).
Limitations of the study
1. Retrospective study
2. Small study group
3. Limited variables
4. Gender limitation.
A relatively higher consumption of red meat may lead to hyperglycaemia, hypertension and obesity. The consumption of white meat can lower the complications which arise from DM. It lowers the risk of the development of obesity and hypertension and their complications in DM.
Dr. Moosabba, Professor and Head of the Department of General Surgery, Medical Superintendent, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore.
DOI: JCDR/2012/3967:1933
Financial OR OTHER COMPETING INTERESTS:
None.
Date of Submission: Sep 17, 2011
Date of Peer Review: Jan 01, 2012
Date of Acceptance: Jan 16, 2012
Date of Publishing: May 01, 2012
- Emerging Sources Citation Index (Web of Science, thomsonreuters)
- Index Copernicus ICV 2017: 134.54
- Academic Search Complete Database
- Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
- Embase
- EBSCOhost
- Google Scholar
- HINARI Access to Research in Health Programme
- Indian Science Abstracts (ISA)
- Journal seek Database
- Popline (reproductive health literature)
- www.omnimedicalsearch.com