Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, ISSN - 0973 - 709X

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On Sep 2018




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Prof. Somashekhar Nimbalkar
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Chairman, Research Group, Charutar Arogya Mandal, Karamsad
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On Sep 2018




Dr. Kalyani R

"Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research is at present a well-known Indian originated scientific journal which started with a humble beginning. I have been associated with this journal since many years. I appreciate the Editor, Dr. Hemant Jain, for his constant effort in bringing up this journal to the present status right from the scratch. The journal is multidisciplinary. It encourages in publishing the scientific articles from postgraduates and also the beginners who start their career. At the same time the journal also caters for the high quality articles from specialty and super-specialty researchers. Hence it provides a platform for the scientist and researchers to publish. The other aspect of it is, the readers get the information regarding the most recent developments in science which can be used for teaching, research, treating patients and to some extent take preventive measures against certain diseases. The journal is contributing immensely to the society at national and international level."



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Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research , Kolar, Karnataka
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Professor and Head
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Saraswati Dental College
Lucknow
On Sep 2018




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Calcutta National Medical College & Hospital , Kolkata




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Best regards,
C.S. Ramesh Babu,
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Muzaffarnagar Medical College,
Muzaffarnagar.
On Aug 2018




Dr. Arundhathi. S
"Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR) is a reputed peer reviewed journal and is constantly involved in publishing high quality research articles related to medicine. Its been a great pleasure to be associated with this esteemed journal as a reviewer and as an author for a couple of years. The editorial board consists of many dedicated and reputed experts as its members and they are doing an appreciable work in guiding budding researchers. JCDR is doing a commendable job in scientific research by promoting excellent quality research & review articles and case reports & series. The reviewers provide appropriate suggestions that improve the quality of articles. I strongly recommend my fraternity to encourage JCDR by contributing their valuable research work in this widely accepted, user friendly journal. I hope my collaboration with JCDR will continue for a long time".



Dr. Arundhathi. S
MBBS, MD (Pathology),
Sanjay Gandhi institute of trauma and orthopedics,
Bengaluru.
On Aug 2018




Dr. Mamta Gupta,
"It gives me great pleasure to be associated with JCDR, since last 2-3 years. Since then I have authored, co-authored and reviewed about 25 articles in JCDR. I thank JCDR for giving me an opportunity to improve my own skills as an author and a reviewer.
It 's a multispecialty journal, publishing high quality articles. It gives a platform to the authors to publish their research work which can be available for everyone across the globe to read. The best thing about JCDR is that the full articles of all medical specialties are available as pdf/html for reading free of cost or without institutional subscription, which is not there for other journals. For those who have problem in writing manuscript or do statistical work, JCDR comes for their rescue.
The journal has a monthly publication and the articles are published quite fast. In time compared to other journals. The on-line first publication is also a great advantage and facility to review one's own articles before going to print. The response to any query and permission if required, is quite fast; this is quite commendable. I have a very good experience about seeking quick permission for quoting a photograph (Fig.) from a JCDR article for my chapter authored in an E book. I never thought it would be so easy. No hassles.
Reviewing articles is no less a pain staking process and requires in depth perception, knowledge about the topic for review. It requires time and concentration, yet I enjoy doing it. The JCDR website especially for the reviewers is quite user friendly. My suggestions for improving the journal is, more strict review process, so that only high quality articles are published. I find a a good number of articles in Obst. Gynae, hence, a new journal for this specialty titled JCDR-OG can be started. May be a bimonthly or quarterly publication to begin with. Only selected articles should find a place in it.
An yearly reward for the best article authored can also incentivize the authors. Though the process of finding the best article will be not be very easy. I do not know how reviewing process can be improved. If an article is being reviewed by two reviewers, then opinion of one can be communicated to the other or the final opinion of the editor can be communicated to the reviewer if requested for. This will help one’s reviewing skills.
My best wishes to Dr. Hemant Jain and all the editorial staff of JCDR for their untiring efforts to bring out this journal. I strongly recommend medical fraternity to publish their valuable research work in this esteemed journal, JCDR".



Dr. Mamta Gupta
Consultant
(Ex HOD Obs &Gynae, Hindu Rao Hospital and associated NDMC Medical College, Delhi)
Aug 2018




Dr. Rajendra Kumar Ghritlaharey

"I wish to thank Dr. Hemant Jain, Editor-in-Chief Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR), for asking me to write up few words.
Writing is the representation of language in a textual medium i e; into the words and sentences on paper. Quality medical manuscript writing in particular, demands not only a high-quality research, but also requires accurate and concise communication of findings and conclusions, with adherence to particular journal guidelines. In medical field whether working in teaching, private, or in corporate institution, everyone wants to excel in his / her own field and get recognised by making manuscripts publication.


Authors are the souls of any journal, and deserve much respect. To publish a journal manuscripts are needed from authors. Authors have a great responsibility for producing facts of their work in terms of number and results truthfully and an individual honesty is expected from authors in this regards. Both ways its true "No authors-No manuscripts-No journals" and "No journals–No manuscripts–No authors". Reviewing a manuscript is also a very responsible and important task of any peer-reviewed journal and to be taken seriously. It needs knowledge on the subject, sincerity, honesty and determination. Although the process of reviewing a manuscript is a time consuming task butit is expected to give one's best remarks within the time frame of the journal.
Salient features of the JCDR: It is a biomedical, multidisciplinary (including all medical and dental specialities), e-journal, with wide scope and extensive author support. At the same time, a free text of manuscript is available in HTML and PDF format. There is fast growing authorship and readership with JCDR as this can be judged by the number of articles published in it i e; in Feb 2007 of its first issue, it contained 5 articles only, and now in its recent volume published in April 2011, it contained 67 manuscripts. This e-journal is fulfilling the commitments and objectives sincerely, (as stated by Editor-in-chief in his preface to first edition) i e; to encourage physicians through the internet, especially from the developing countries who witness a spectrum of disease and acquire a wealth of knowledge to publish their experiences to benefit the medical community in patients care. I also feel that many of us have work of substance, newer ideas, adequate clinical materials but poor in medical writing and hesitation to submit the work and need help. JCDR provides authors help in this regards.
Timely publication of journal: Publication of manuscripts and bringing out the issue in time is one of the positive aspects of JCDR and is possible with strong support team in terms of peer reviewers, proof reading, language check, computer operators, etc. This is one of the great reasons for authors to submit their work with JCDR. Another best part of JCDR is "Online first Publications" facilities available for the authors. This facility not only provides the prompt publications of the manuscripts but at the same time also early availability of the manuscripts for the readers.
Indexation and online availability: Indexation transforms the journal in some sense from its local ownership to the worldwide professional community and to the public.JCDR is indexed with Embase & EMbiology, Google Scholar, Index Copernicus, Chemical Abstracts Service, Journal seek Database, Indian Science Abstracts, to name few of them. Manuscriptspublished in JCDR are available on major search engines ie; google, yahoo, msn.
In the era of fast growing newer technologies, and in computer and internet friendly environment the manuscripts preparation, submission, review, revision, etc and all can be done and checked with a click from all corer of the world, at any time. Of course there is always a scope for improvement in every field and none is perfect. To progress, one needs to identify the areas of one's weakness and to strengthen them.
It is well said that "happy beginning is half done" and it fits perfectly with JCDR. It has grown considerably and I feel it has already grown up from its infancy to adolescence, achieving the status of standard online e-journal form Indian continent since its inception in Feb 2007. This had been made possible due to the efforts and the hard work put in it. The way the JCDR is improving with every new volume, with good quality original manuscripts, makes it a quality journal for readers. I must thank and congratulate Dr Hemant Jain, Editor-in-Chief JCDR and his team for their sincere efforts, dedication, and determination for making JCDR a fast growing journal.
Every one of us: authors, reviewers, editors, and publisher are responsible for enhancing the stature of the journal. I wish for a great success for JCDR."



Thanking you
With sincere regards
Dr. Rajendra Kumar Ghritlaharey, M.S., M. Ch., FAIS
Associate Professor,
Department of Paediatric Surgery, Gandhi Medical College & Associated
Kamla Nehru & Hamidia Hospitals Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 001 (India)
E-mail: drrajendrak1@rediffmail.com
On May 11,2011




Dr. Shankar P.R.

"On looking back through my Gmail archives after being requested by the journal to write a short editorial about my experiences of publishing with the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR), I came across an e-mail from Dr. Hemant Jain, Editor, in March 2007, which introduced the new electronic journal. The main features of the journal which were outlined in the e-mail were extensive author support, cash rewards, the peer review process, and other salient features of the journal.
Over a span of over four years, we (I and my colleagues) have published around 25 articles in the journal. In this editorial, I plan to briefly discuss my experiences of publishing with JCDR and the strengths of the journal and to finally address the areas for improvement.
My experiences of publishing with JCDR: Overall, my experiences of publishing withJCDR have been positive. The best point about the journal is that it responds to queries from the author. This may seem to be simple and not too much to ask for, but unfortunately, many journals in the subcontinent and from many developing countries do not respond or they respond with a long delay to the queries from the authors 1. The reasons could be many, including lack of optimal secretarial and other support. Another problem with many journals is the slowness of the review process. Editorial processing and peer review can take anywhere between a year to two years with some journals. Also, some journals do not keep the contributors informed about the progress of the review process. Due to the long review process, the articles can lose their relevance and topicality. A major benefit with JCDR is the timeliness and promptness of its response. In Dr Jain's e-mail which was sent to me in 2007, before the introduction of the Pre-publishing system, he had stated that he had received my submission and that he would get back to me within seven days and he did!
Most of the manuscripts are published within 3 to 4 months of their submission if they are found to be suitable after the review process. JCDR is published bimonthly and the accepted articles were usually published in the next issue. Recently, due to the increased volume of the submissions, the review process has become slower and it ?? Section can take from 4 to 6 months for the articles to be reviewed. The journal has an extensive author support system and it has recently introduced a paid expedited review process. The journal also mentions the average time for processing the manuscript under different submission systems - regular submission and expedited review.
Strengths of the journal: The journal has an online first facility in which the accepted manuscripts may be published on the website before being included in a regular issue of the journal. This cuts down the time between their acceptance and the publication. The journal is indexed in many databases, though not in PubMed. The editorial board should now take steps to index the journal in PubMed. The journal has a system of notifying readers through e-mail when a new issue is released. Also, the articles are available in both the HTML and the PDF formats. I especially like the new and colorful page format of the journal. Also, the access statistics of the articles are available. The prepublication and the manuscript tracking system are also helpful for the authors.
Areas for improvement: In certain cases, I felt that the peer review process of the manuscripts was not up to international standards and that it should be strengthened. Also, the number of manuscripts in an issue is high and it may be difficult for readers to go through all of them. The journal can consider tightening of the peer review process and increasing the quality standards for the acceptance of the manuscripts. I faced occasional problems with the online manuscript submission (Pre-publishing) system, which have to be addressed.
Overall, the publishing process with JCDR has been smooth, quick and relatively hassle free and I can recommend other authors to consider the journal as an outlet for their work."



Dr. P. Ravi Shankar
KIST Medical College, P.O. Box 14142, Kathmandu, Nepal.
E-mail: ravi.dr.shankar@gmail.com
On April 2011
Anuradha

Dear team JCDR, I would like to thank you for the very professional and polite service provided by everyone at JCDR. While i have been in the field of writing and editing for sometime, this has been my first attempt in publishing a scientific paper.Thank you for hand-holding me through the process.


Dr. Anuradha
E-mail: anuradha2nittur@gmail.com
On Jan 2020

Important Notice

Original article / research
Year : 2012 | Month : June | Volume : 6 | Issue : 5 | Page : 770 - 773 Full Version

Fructosamine in Non-diabetic First Degree Relatives of Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Risk Assessor


Published: June 1, 2012 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2012/.2241
Poornima Ajay Manjrekar, Anupama Hegde, Shrilaxmi, Fiona D’souza, Vishwas Kaveeshwar, Anupama Jose, Sana Tasneem, Ramya Shenoy

1. Professor and Head Department of Biochemistry. 2. Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, KMC, Mangalore, India. 3. Assistant Professor, Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalore, India. 4. Research Assistant clinical embryology, KMC, Manipal, India. 5. Ex- MSc student, Department of Biochemistry, KMC, Mangalore, India. 6. Ex- MSc student, Department of Biochemistry, KMC, Mangalore, India. 7. Ex- MSc student, Department of Biochemistry, KMC, Mangalore, India. 8. Assistant Professor, Department of Community Dentistry, MCODS.

Correspondence Address :
Anupama Hegde
Department of Biochemistry
Centre for Basic Sciences
Kasturba Medical College,
Bejai, Mangalore-575004
Karnataka, India.
Phone: 09844518344
E-mail: anupama.hegde@manipal.edu,
anupamahegde@yahoo.com

Abstract

Introduction:
A positive family history of diabetes increases the chances of developing the disease manifold. The earliest diagnostic marker for diabetes is elevated plasma glucose levels. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) gives information on the long term control of diabetes, while the estimation of fructosamine (FA) depicts the short term glycaemic control. The specificity of the estimation of fructosamine and its comparison with the established markers in a group with high risk for the disease was the purport.
Methods:
23 non-diabetic first degree relatives of type 2 diabetics (Group 2) were compared with 20 healthy controls (Group 1) and 23 type 2 diabetic people (Group 3). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum fructosamine and total proteins (TP) were estimated in fasting blood samples. The saliva was analyzed for fasting salivary glucose (SG), salivary fructosamine and total proteins. The body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and the blood pressure were recorded and compared.
Results:
Group 3 had significantly higher mean FPG (150.26mg/dl), HbA1c (8.23 %) and salivary FA (202.05 mg/dl) values. Group 2 was associated with elevated serum FA levels (533.62 mg/dl), increased serum FA/ total protein (TP) ratio and a larger WC. On correlation analysis, FPG correlated significantly and positively with HbA1c in all three groups and with WC and BMI (0.613 and 0.400 respectively) in Group 2 only.
Conclusion:
Serum FA foretells the development of diabetes in high risk populations, but it has less sensitivity in depicting chronic hyperglycaemia. Serum FA and WC could be useful predictors of the development of diabetes in ‘high risk’ individuals.

Keywords

BMI, Fructosamine, HbA1C, Saliva, type 2 diabetes, Waist circumference

Introduction
India currently harbours around 40 million people with diabetes as per ‘The Diabetes Atlas 2006’ which was published by the International Diabetes Federation. There is an imminent danger of a further rise in this number to 80 million by 2025, unless vital precautionary measures are taken. It has been established that subjects with a family history of diabetes or an increased body mass index [BMI], patients with hypertension, people who do stressful jobs and patients with dyslipidaemia (1) are the ones who are susceptible for type 2diabetes. Except the family history, all other factors which are mentioned above are co-morbidities which are associated with diabetes. Hence, the earliest target population to introduce preventive measures in or to study the risk predictors of would be the non-diabetic first degree relatives of the diabetes patients. The objective of this study was to compare the specificity of fructosamine [FA] estimation in the first degree relatives of diabetics with that in those without a family history and in known diabetics, so as to weigh the benefit of this glycaemic index in categorizing the high risk subjects.

Material and Methods

A cross-sectional, case control study was conducted at the Clinical Biochemistry laboratory of Kasturba Medical College Hospital [KMCH], Ambedkar circle, Mangalore, over a period of 6 months. Only 50 healthy people consented to participate in the current study as it required the sampling of blood and saliva, of which there were 7 dropouts. They were divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 23 healthy controls with no family history of diabetes and Group 2 consisted of 20 non-diabetic first degree relatives of type 2 diabetics. They were compared with 23 type 2 diabetes patients from the diabetes clinic, who were on treatment and who were marked as Group 3. An informed consent was obtained from all the subjects. The protocol was approved by the institutional ethics committee. People with FPG ≥ 110 mg/dL (For Group 1), FPG ≥ 126 mg/dL (For Group 2) and a history of infection in the past three months, chronic alcoholics and pregnant females were excluded from the study. After an overnight fast of about 10 hours, blood was drawn from the ante-cubital vein and it was collected in vacutainers which contained fluoride and EDTA and also in plain bottles. The fluoride sample was used for evaluating the fasting plasma glucose, which was measured by the GOD POD method (2) and the EDTA sample was used for the estimation of HbA1C by an automated Immuno Turbidimetric method (3), both of which were processed in a Hitachi 917 Autoanalyzer. Serum was obtained by centrifugating the samples for 15 minutes at 3000 rpm and it was used for the manual estimation of fructosamine and total proteins. Other details like age, sex, blood pressure, waist circumference and height and weight were documented. The BMI [body mass index] was calculated as follows. BMI = Wt. in Kg/Ht. in M2. Whole unstimulated saliva was collected from all the participants in sterile containers. Post collection, the saliva was centrifuged for a period of 5 minutes at 2500 rpm and the clear supernatant which was obtained was used for estimating salivary glucose, salivary total protein, and salivary fructosamine.Salivary glucose was assayed spectrophotometerically by the GOD POD method by using the Aggape Diagnostic kit. The salivary total protein was estimated by Lowry’s method (4) and fructosamine was estimated by the NBT method (5).
Statistic
Statistical analyses were performed by using the SPSS software (version 16.0; SPSS Inc, Chicago). The data was presented as mean + standard deviation and it was analyzed by ANOVA. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (‘r’ value) was used to compare the data. All the p-values were based on 2-sided tests, and the cut off for the statistical significance was 0.05.

Results

(Table/Fig 1) illustrates the anthropometric measures of the study groups. The 3 groups showed no significant difference in the BMI, whereas the waist circumferences of Group 2 and Group 3 were significantly higher than that of Group 1. Group 3 also showed significantly higher systolic blood pressure [SBP] and diastolic blood pressure [DBP] levels in comparison to those of other groups. Of the glycaemic indices which were measured, the FPG and the HbA1C values were significantly higher in Group 3, and the serum FA values were higher in Group 2 (Table/Fig 2). The values of serum TP did not differ between the groups. On adjusting the serum FA to the serum TP levels by taking a ratio, the significance still persisted in Group 2 in comparison to the diabetic group and the controls. The salivary parameters viz., salivary glucose, and TP showed comparable results in all the three groups and significantly high salivary FA values in Group 3. On comparison of FPG with other measured indices of glycaemia (Table/Fig 3); it was found that FPG correlated with HbA1c in all the three groups and with serum FA in the diabetic group only. A significant correlation of FPG with both BMI and WC was observed only in Group 2 (Table/Fig 4).

Discussion

The first degree relatives were comparable in age with the control group and they were normotensive, but a significantly higher WC was observed (Table/Fig 1). The type 2 diabetic group had a significantly higher WC and higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels. Earlier studies (6) which were conducted in India stated that though the BMI in the Indian population was low or near normal, the waist circumference – the measure of central adiposity, was higher. This has been explained by the fact that Asian Indians have more total abdominal and visceral fat for any given BMI and that for any given body fat, they have increased insulin resistance [7-10].This excess abdominal fat is in turn a high risk factor for diabetes due to the insulin resistance which arises from the release of free fatty acids (11). There exists a difference of opinion regarding the usage of HbA1c for the screening or the diagnosis of diabetes (12). The data from previous studies have suggested that the combined use of FPG and HbA1c helps in detecting undiagnosed diabetes, especially in high risk individuals [11, 13]. Some studies [14,15] have shown that HbA1c is not an optimal screening test for diabetes in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). The current study included high risk individuals [first degree relatives] with FPG levels which ranged between 85–111mg/dL (Table/Fig 1). This group had a mean HbA1c of 6.03% as compared to 5.8% in the controls, which was indicative of a risk for diabetes at a similar FPG range [85–106 mg/dl]. Wiener and Roberts (1998) (16) suggested that the HbA1c values which were > 6.2% had a 100% specificity for the diagnosis of diabetes. The first degree relatives in the present study had HbA1c in the range of 5-7% with near normal FPG [85-111 mg/dl], but with significantly high serum FA values. FA depicts the glycaemic index over a shorter period of time and it has been used to distinguish between the normal and well controlled from the poorly controlled diabetes (17) and in the screening of the “at-risk” subjects (18). Studies in which the FA results were converted to HbA1c equivalents and then compared, found that the values were comparable in some cases (17), (19), (20) and discordant in some (21), leading to a glycosylation gap. The first degree relatives presently showed significantly higher serum FA values with FPG and HbA1c around normal cut offs, suggesting the glycation of proteins at relatively lower levels of FPG in the “at-risk” people. In contrast, the diabetic group had near normal serum FA values and high FPG and HbA1c values (Table/Fig 2). An important consideration in the clinical interpretation of the FA concentration is the effect of the variations in the serum total protein concentrations. Baker and co-workers (1983) (20) found no demonstrable correlation between FA and serum total protein in normal subjects and in those with uraemia. Allgrove and Cockrill (1998) (22) and Johnson and co-workers (1987) (5) also reported similar findings. In the present study, the serum total protein levels did not differ significantly between the groups. On the correction of serum FA by taking a ratio between FA and TP [serum FA/serum TP], the significance which was observed earlier in Group 2 persisted because of evident reasons. The estimation of saliva has been studied as a non-invasive method to measure the glycaemic status in diabetes. Studies which were done by Twetman et al., (2002) (23) in type 1 diabetics have shown the salivary glucose levels to vary in relation to the HbA1c levels. In contrast, studies have also shown that the salivary glucose levels did not reflect the blood glucose levels and that no significant correlation was found between the two measures in healthy individuals (24) and in diabetics (23),(25),(26). Presently, we found the salivary glucose levels of the diabetic group to be similar to those of the first degree relatives and the controls. There was no significant correlation between the salivary and the serum indices of glycaemia between any of the groups (Table/Fig 3). The comparison of FPG with other measured glycaemic indices in serum (Table/Fig 3) reinforced the positive correlation of FPG with HbA1c across the groups. A significant positive correlation of FPG with the serum FA levels was seen only in the diabetic group, while no remarkable correlation was seen in the first degree relatives, though this group had significantly high serum FA values. Takahashi et al., (2007) (27) have shown glycated albumin to correlate significantly with HbA1c in Type 2 diabetics, when the HbA1c level was < 7.5%. BMI and WC were assessed as the indicators of the metabolic status and they were compared with the glycaemic parameters (Table/Fig 4). Indian studies have shown that the waist girth strongly correlated with the cluster of findings which were associated with the metabolic syndrome [7-10]. Follow up studies which were done by Agostino et al., (2004) (28) in normal and IGT subjects found that the people who developed diabetes were older, they had larger WCs, they were more dyslipidaemic, they had higher SBP and that they were insulin resistant. There was also a doubling of the risk for conversion to diabetes in people who had these risk factors. The Group 2 subjects with a family history of diabetes were younger, but they had larger WCs. A significant positive correlation of FPG with WC and BMI was also seen typically in this group. On the contrary, the diabetic group had a larger WC which did not correlate with the FPG. Other indices of glycaemia viz. FA and HbA1c did not correlate with WC or BMI across the groups. Hence, the FPG of the high risk individuals remained the only glycaemic marker that correlated with the metabolic indicators which were studied.

Conclusion

In non diabetic subjects, a positive family history (as in Group 2) was associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes, as was indicated by the elevated serum FA levels. This group also had a larger waist girth which significantly correlated with the FPG. This proves that, the presence of one risk factor i.e. a family history of diabetes predisposes these people to the earlier development of diabetes or the metabolic syndrome. Hence, monitoring of the serum FA, FPG, HbA1c levels and the lipid profile along with the WC should be taken up in a large group of an ‘at-risk’ population. The salivary parameters, though non- invasive, did not reflect the serum parameters or the disease state. Thus, their use appears doubtful.

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Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Vishwanathan V, Vishwanatha M, Haffner SM. The risk of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus which was conferred by obesity and central adiposity in different ethnic groups; a comparative analysis between Asian Indians, Mexican Americans and whites. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1997; 36: 121-25.
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Misra A, Vikram NK. The insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic syndrome) and Asian Indians. Current Science 2002; 83(12):1483-97.
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ID: JCDR/2012/3863:2241
Financial OR OTHER COMPETING INTERESTS:
None.
Date of Submission: Feb 29, 2012
Date of Peer Review: Mar 28, 2012
Date of Acceptance: Jun 03, 2012
Date of Publishing: Jun 22, 2012

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