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Authors are the souls of any journal, and deserve much respect. To publish a journal manuscripts are needed from authors. Authors have a great responsibility for producing facts of their work in terms of number and results truthfully and an individual honesty is expected from authors in this regards. Both ways its true "No authors-No manuscripts-No journals" and "No journals–No manuscripts–No authors". Reviewing a manuscript is also a very responsible and important task of any peer-reviewed journal and to be taken seriously. It needs knowledge on the subject, sincerity, honesty and determination. Although the process of reviewing a manuscript is a time consuming task butit is expected to give one's best remarks within the time frame of the journal.
Salient features of the JCDR: It is a biomedical, multidisciplinary (including all medical and dental specialities), e-journal, with wide scope and extensive author support. At the same time, a free text of manuscript is available in HTML and PDF format. There is fast growing authorship and readership with JCDR as this can be judged by the number of articles published in it i e; in Feb 2007 of its first issue, it contained 5 articles only, and now in its recent volume published in April 2011, it contained 67 manuscripts. This e-journal is fulfilling the commitments and objectives sincerely, (as stated by Editor-in-chief in his preface to first edition) i e; to encourage physicians through the internet, especially from the developing countries who witness a spectrum of disease and acquire a wealth of knowledge to publish their experiences to benefit the medical community in patients care. I also feel that many of us have work of substance, newer ideas, adequate clinical materials but poor in medical writing and hesitation to submit the work and need help. JCDR provides authors help in this regards.
Timely publication of journal: Publication of manuscripts and bringing out the issue in time is one of the positive aspects of JCDR and is possible with strong support team in terms of peer reviewers, proof reading, language check, computer operators, etc. This is one of the great reasons for authors to submit their work with JCDR. Another best part of JCDR is "Online first Publications" facilities available for the authors. This facility not only provides the prompt publications of the manuscripts but at the same time also early availability of the manuscripts for the readers.
Indexation and online availability: Indexation transforms the journal in some sense from its local ownership to the worldwide professional community and to the public.JCDR is indexed with Embase & EMbiology, Google Scholar, Index Copernicus, Chemical Abstracts Service, Journal seek Database, Indian Science Abstracts, to name few of them. Manuscriptspublished in JCDR are available on major search engines ie; google, yahoo, msn.
In the era of fast growing newer technologies, and in computer and internet friendly environment the manuscripts preparation, submission, review, revision, etc and all can be done and checked with a click from all corer of the world, at any time. Of course there is always a scope for improvement in every field and none is perfect. To progress, one needs to identify the areas of one's weakness and to strengthen them.
It is well said that "happy beginning is half done" and it fits perfectly with JCDR. It has grown considerably and I feel it has already grown up from its infancy to adolescence, achieving the status of standard online e-journal form Indian continent since its inception in Feb 2007. This had been made possible due to the efforts and the hard work put in it. The way the JCDR is improving with every new volume, with good quality original manuscripts, makes it a quality journal for readers. I must thank and congratulate Dr Hemant Jain, Editor-in-Chief JCDR and his team for their sincere efforts, dedication, and determination for making JCDR a fast growing journal.
Every one of us: authors, reviewers, editors, and publisher are responsible for enhancing the stature of the journal. I wish for a great success for JCDR."
Thanking you
With sincere regards
Dr. Rajendra Kumar Ghritlaharey, M.S., M. Ch., FAIS
Associate Professor,
Department of Paediatric Surgery, Gandhi Medical College & Associated
Kamla Nehru & Hamidia Hospitals Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 001 (India)
E-mail: drrajendrak1@rediffmail.com
On May 11,2011
Dr. Shankar P.R.
"On looking back through my Gmail archives after being requested by the journal to write a short editorial about my experiences of publishing with the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR), I came across an e-mail from Dr. Hemant Jain, Editor, in March 2007, which introduced the new electronic journal. The main features of the journal which were outlined in the e-mail were extensive author support, cash rewards, the peer review process, and other salient features of the journal.
Over a span of over four years, we (I and my colleagues) have published around 25 articles in the journal. In this editorial, I plan to briefly discuss my experiences of publishing with JCDR and the strengths of the journal and to finally address the areas for improvement.
My experiences of publishing with JCDR: Overall, my experiences of publishing withJCDR have been positive. The best point about the journal is that it responds to queries from the author. This may seem to be simple and not too much to ask for, but unfortunately, many journals in the subcontinent and from many developing countries do not respond or they respond with a long delay to the queries from the authors 1. The reasons could be many, including lack of optimal secretarial and other support. Another problem with many journals is the slowness of the review process. Editorial processing and peer review can take anywhere between a year to two years with some journals. Also, some journals do not keep the contributors informed about the progress of the review process. Due to the long review process, the articles can lose their relevance and topicality. A major benefit with JCDR is the timeliness and promptness of its response. In Dr Jain's e-mail which was sent to me in 2007, before the introduction of the Pre-publishing system, he had stated that he had received my submission and that he would get back to me within seven days and he did!
Most of the manuscripts are published within 3 to 4 months of their submission if they are found to be suitable after the review process. JCDR is published bimonthly and the accepted articles were usually published in the next issue. Recently, due to the increased volume of the submissions, the review process has become slower and it ?? Section can take from 4 to 6 months for the articles to be reviewed. The journal has an extensive author support system and it has recently introduced a paid expedited review process. The journal also mentions the average time for processing the manuscript under different submission systems - regular submission and expedited review.
Strengths of the journal: The journal has an online first facility in which the accepted manuscripts may be published on the website before being included in a regular issue of the journal. This cuts down the time between their acceptance and the publication. The journal is indexed in many databases, though not in PubMed. The editorial board should now take steps to index the journal in PubMed. The journal has a system of notifying readers through e-mail when a new issue is released. Also, the articles are available in both the HTML and the PDF formats. I especially like the new and colorful page format of the journal. Also, the access statistics of the articles are available. The prepublication and the manuscript tracking system are also helpful for the authors.
Areas for improvement: In certain cases, I felt that the peer review process of the manuscripts was not up to international standards and that it should be strengthened. Also, the number of manuscripts in an issue is high and it may be difficult for readers to go through all of them. The journal can consider tightening of the peer review process and increasing the quality standards for the acceptance of the manuscripts. I faced occasional problems with the online manuscript submission (Pre-publishing) system, which have to be addressed.
Overall, the publishing process with JCDR has been smooth, quick and relatively hassle free and I can recommend other authors to consider the journal as an outlet for their work."
Dr. P. Ravi Shankar
KIST Medical College, P.O. Box 14142, Kathmandu, Nepal.
E-mail: ravi.dr.shankar@gmail.com
On April 2011 Anuradha
Dear team JCDR, I would like to thank you for the very professional and polite service provided by everyone at JCDR. While i have been in the field of writing and editing for sometime, this has been my first attempt in publishing a scientific paper.Thank you for hand-holding me through the process.
Dr. Anuradha
E-mail: anuradha2nittur@gmail.com
On Jan 2020
Original article / research
Full Version
Effects of Isotonic Exercises on Pulmonary Function and Free Radical Status in Healthy Young Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study
Correspondence Address :
Dr. Desh Deepak (MD) Department of Physiology,
VCSG Govt Medical Sciences and Research Institute,
Srinagar,Pin 246176 Uttarakhand, India.
Phone: 9410932909
E-mail: Deshdeepak_s@rediffmail.com
Background and Aims:
Different types of exercises affect body systems in variable manner. The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of isotonic exercises, yoga and aerobics on pulmonary functions and free radical status in healthy young adults.
Methods:
The prospective cohort study was conducted in the departments of physiology and biochemistry at a teaching hospital in north India. Thirty subjects, 18-30 year old apparently healthy volunteers were included in 2 groups, aerobic and yogic, based upon regular performance of exercises. The subjects were assessed at the start of and after 3 months and 6 months of the training schedule. The parameters assessed were pulmonary function tests (FVC, FEV1, PEFR) and estimation of free radicals, malondialdehyde (MDA) & super oxide dismutase (SOD). The results were compared using student ‘t’ test & ANOVA.
Results:
The subjects in yoga group showed significant improvement in FEV1 & PEFR and in MDA and SOD level from baseline to 3 months. In the aerobic exercise group a significant change was observed in terms of FVC, FEV1 & PEFR, MDA & SOD at 3 months. No further significant change was observed from 3 to 6 months in any parameter among both groups.
Conclusions:
Though the observations suggest clear effect of isotonic exercises and various parameters, a further study with larger sample size and assessing more objective parameters can provide better insight into the suggested relationship.
Malondialdehyde, super oxide dismutase, exercise tolerance
Introduction
Different types of exercises affect body systems in variable manner. Over the years, the positive effects of isotonic exercises on health have been recognized (1). Pulmonary functions are considered to be clear reflection of the adaptation of physiological functions to exercise. On the other hand, the deleterious effects of exercise stress are reflected by production of harmful free radicals. The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of isotonic exercises, yoga and aerobics on pulmonary functions and free radical status in healthy young adults.
The prospective cohort study was conducted in the departments of physiology and biochemistry at a teaching hospital in north India. The subjects were 18-30 year old apparently healthy volunteers regularly practicing aerobic (cycling, jogging or isotonic weight bearing) and yogic (shavasana, bhastrika or surya anulome vilome) exercises at adjoining centres in the city. Thirty subjects were included in each group (aerobic & yoga). Those with history of chronic hemodynamic or respiratory illnesses or smoking in past or present were excluded. At the start of the training schedule, after taking sociodemographic details, detailed history of present or past illnesses and a through physical examination, a 5 ml blood sample of the subjects was taken for the biochemical estimation of free radicals, malondialdehyde (MDA) (modified Okhawa method, 1990) & super oxide dismutase (SOD) (McCord and Fridovich, Section1969) (2),(3). All the reagents used were from Sigma Co, St Lewis, USA. Volunteers were also subjected to do the pulmonary function test using the medspiror (MED systems, Chandigarh, India) spirometer and following parameters were assessed, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Similar evaluations were performed at the end of 3 months & 6 months respectively. The study was approved by Institutional ethical committee and informed consent was obtained from subjects after detailed description of their involvement. Statistical analysis of the work was done using Student’s paired t – test on a statistical software. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was done to get the differences amongst the means of different time intervals. The pair wise comparisons were done, if overall significant was observed, the contrast was used to find out the pair wise comparisons. The mean and standard deviation of the data were determined and p value <0.05 was considered significant.
Sixty subjects, 30 in each group, were enrolled and underwent complete evaluation. The groups were similar in terms of age, gender distribution and other sociodemographic characteristics. The observed parameters on pulmonary function testing are depicted in (Table/Fig 1). There was a significant increase in FVC in group A at 3 months. The FEV1 showed a significant increase in both the groups during first 3 months however, changes at 6 months were not significant. After subsequent months of exercises it was observed that the PEFR was significantly increase in yogic exercise from beginning of training to 3 months of training (p=0.000) as compared to aerobic exercises, however the pair wise comparison indicates that differences of PEFR in yogic and aerobic exercises group was not significant from 3 months to 6 month of training (p>0.05). The changes in free radical status among the subject in the groups over the study period is depicted in (Table/Fig 2). (Table/Fig 2) shows significant change in MDA level in aerobic and yogic exercise group after 3 months in comparison to before training. The MDA level change was greater in yogic exercise than the aerobic exercise group after 3 month training. Between 3 month and 6 month of training, the change in MDA level was not significant.
It was observed that SOD significantly increased in yogic exercise as compared to aerobic exercise from beginning of training to 3 months of training (p<0.001). The pair wise comparison indicates that differences of SOD in yogic exercise is greater then aerobic exercise from before the training and after 3 month of training but difference is not significant between yogic exercise and aerobic exercise from 3 month to 6 month of exercise (p>0.05).
The study highlights the effect of isotonic exercise over pulmonary function parameters and free radical status of body. The subjects in yoga group showed significant improvement in FEV1 & PEFR and in MDA and SOD level from baseline to 3 months. In the aerobic exercise group a significant change was observed in terms of FVC, FEV1 & PEFR, MDA & SOD at 3 months. No further significant change was observed from 3 to 6 months in any parameter among both groups. Though the observations suggest clear effect of isotonic exercises and various parameters, a further study with larger sample size and assessing more objective parameters can provide better insight into the suggested relationship. Our results are easily applicable to the population at large since we recruited apparently healthy unprofessionally trained adult subjects. Udupa showed reduction in body weight, improved lung function, decrease respiratory rate increased vital capacity and breath holding time with yoga exercises (4).Kulpati et al followed 75 patients of COPD in three different groups. The first group received conventional treatment. Second group did breathing exercises alone while the third group did yogic exercises. They reported that the group undertaking yogic exercises best maintained their lung function (5). Makawana et al showed effect of short-term yogic practice on ventilatory function after 10 weeks of training. There was increase in vital capacity FEV and decrease in respiratory rate (6). Strenuous exercise stimulates catecholamine secretion in circulation. There is evidence that catecholamines could potentially generate free radicals in the body either through auto-oxidation or through metal ion or superoxide catalyzed oxidation (Freeman 1982, Jewett 1989) (7),(8). Glutathione-S-transferase, SOD and xanthine oxidase activities increased significantly with the increase in exercise period. Lipid peroxidation in terms of MDA expression also increased with exercise. It was concluded that increase in MDA was indicator of the rate of lipid peroxidation in wake of exhaustive exercise (Vani, 1990) (9). Ji (1992), concluded that exhaustive exercise can impose a severe oxidation stress on skeletal muscle and that peroxides, systems as well as antioxidant enzymes are important in coming with free radical mediated injury (10). There is induction of oxidative stress in the pulmonary tissue upon exhaustive physical exercise. This is effectively combated by introduction of vitamin E and Se (Veera, 1992) (11). Investigations on blood platelets of 41 healthy men subjected to submaximal physical exercise showed increase in SOD (Kedziora, 1995) (12). Our findings reframe the exercise and oxidative stress paradox as follows: although a single bout of acute maximal aerobic exercise causes oxidative stress, participation in regular physical exercise training results in adaptations to exercise and exercise induced oxidative stress that reduce deleterious oxidation relate effects. Hence a physically de-conditioned sedentary individual who experienced exercise mediated oxidative injury during the course of activities of daily living can be protected by becoming physically conditioned.
Financial OR OTHER COMPETING INTERESTS:
None.
Date of Submission: Mar 21, 2012
Date of Peer Review: May 01, 2012
Date of Acceptance: May 02, 2012
Date of Publioshing: Jun 22, 2012
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