Article in PDF
How to Cite
Citation Manager
Readers' Comments (0)
Audio Visual Article Statistics
Link
to PUBMED
Print this Article
Send to a Friend
Advertisers
Access Statistics Resources
Authors are the souls of any journal, and deserve much respect. To publish a journal manuscripts are needed from authors. Authors have a great responsibility for producing facts of their work in terms of number and results truthfully and an individual honesty is expected from authors in this regards. Both ways its true "No authors-No manuscripts-No journals" and "No journals–No manuscripts–No authors". Reviewing a manuscript is also a very responsible and important task of any peer-reviewed journal and to be taken seriously. It needs knowledge on the subject, sincerity, honesty and determination. Although the process of reviewing a manuscript is a time consuming task butit is expected to give one's best remarks within the time frame of the journal.
Salient features of the JCDR: It is a biomedical, multidisciplinary (including all medical and dental specialities), e-journal, with wide scope and extensive author support. At the same time, a free text of manuscript is available in HTML and PDF format. There is fast growing authorship and readership with JCDR as this can be judged by the number of articles published in it i e; in Feb 2007 of its first issue, it contained 5 articles only, and now in its recent volume published in April 2011, it contained 67 manuscripts. This e-journal is fulfilling the commitments and objectives sincerely, (as stated by Editor-in-chief in his preface to first edition) i e; to encourage physicians through the internet, especially from the developing countries who witness a spectrum of disease and acquire a wealth of knowledge to publish their experiences to benefit the medical community in patients care. I also feel that many of us have work of substance, newer ideas, adequate clinical materials but poor in medical writing and hesitation to submit the work and need help. JCDR provides authors help in this regards.
Timely publication of journal: Publication of manuscripts and bringing out the issue in time is one of the positive aspects of JCDR and is possible with strong support team in terms of peer reviewers, proof reading, language check, computer operators, etc. This is one of the great reasons for authors to submit their work with JCDR. Another best part of JCDR is "Online first Publications" facilities available for the authors. This facility not only provides the prompt publications of the manuscripts but at the same time also early availability of the manuscripts for the readers.
Indexation and online availability: Indexation transforms the journal in some sense from its local ownership to the worldwide professional community and to the public.JCDR is indexed with Embase & EMbiology, Google Scholar, Index Copernicus, Chemical Abstracts Service, Journal seek Database, Indian Science Abstracts, to name few of them. Manuscriptspublished in JCDR are available on major search engines ie; google, yahoo, msn.
In the era of fast growing newer technologies, and in computer and internet friendly environment the manuscripts preparation, submission, review, revision, etc and all can be done and checked with a click from all corer of the world, at any time. Of course there is always a scope for improvement in every field and none is perfect. To progress, one needs to identify the areas of one's weakness and to strengthen them.
It is well said that "happy beginning is half done" and it fits perfectly with JCDR. It has grown considerably and I feel it has already grown up from its infancy to adolescence, achieving the status of standard online e-journal form Indian continent since its inception in Feb 2007. This had been made possible due to the efforts and the hard work put in it. The way the JCDR is improving with every new volume, with good quality original manuscripts, makes it a quality journal for readers. I must thank and congratulate Dr Hemant Jain, Editor-in-Chief JCDR and his team for their sincere efforts, dedication, and determination for making JCDR a fast growing journal.
Every one of us: authors, reviewers, editors, and publisher are responsible for enhancing the stature of the journal. I wish for a great success for JCDR."
Thanking you
With sincere regards
Dr. Rajendra Kumar Ghritlaharey, M.S., M. Ch., FAIS
Associate Professor,
Department of Paediatric Surgery, Gandhi Medical College & Associated
Kamla Nehru & Hamidia Hospitals Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 001 (India)
E-mail: drrajendrak1@rediffmail.com
On May 11,2011
Dr. Shankar P.R.
"On looking back through my Gmail archives after being requested by the journal to write a short editorial about my experiences of publishing with the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR), I came across an e-mail from Dr. Hemant Jain, Editor, in March 2007, which introduced the new electronic journal. The main features of the journal which were outlined in the e-mail were extensive author support, cash rewards, the peer review process, and other salient features of the journal.
Over a span of over four years, we (I and my colleagues) have published around 25 articles in the journal. In this editorial, I plan to briefly discuss my experiences of publishing with JCDR and the strengths of the journal and to finally address the areas for improvement.
My experiences of publishing with JCDR: Overall, my experiences of publishing withJCDR have been positive. The best point about the journal is that it responds to queries from the author. This may seem to be simple and not too much to ask for, but unfortunately, many journals in the subcontinent and from many developing countries do not respond or they respond with a long delay to the queries from the authors 1. The reasons could be many, including lack of optimal secretarial and other support. Another problem with many journals is the slowness of the review process. Editorial processing and peer review can take anywhere between a year to two years with some journals. Also, some journals do not keep the contributors informed about the progress of the review process. Due to the long review process, the articles can lose their relevance and topicality. A major benefit with JCDR is the timeliness and promptness of its response. In Dr Jain's e-mail which was sent to me in 2007, before the introduction of the Pre-publishing system, he had stated that he had received my submission and that he would get back to me within seven days and he did!
Most of the manuscripts are published within 3 to 4 months of their submission if they are found to be suitable after the review process. JCDR is published bimonthly and the accepted articles were usually published in the next issue. Recently, due to the increased volume of the submissions, the review process has become slower and it ?? Section can take from 4 to 6 months for the articles to be reviewed. The journal has an extensive author support system and it has recently introduced a paid expedited review process. The journal also mentions the average time for processing the manuscript under different submission systems - regular submission and expedited review.
Strengths of the journal: The journal has an online first facility in which the accepted manuscripts may be published on the website before being included in a regular issue of the journal. This cuts down the time between their acceptance and the publication. The journal is indexed in many databases, though not in PubMed. The editorial board should now take steps to index the journal in PubMed. The journal has a system of notifying readers through e-mail when a new issue is released. Also, the articles are available in both the HTML and the PDF formats. I especially like the new and colorful page format of the journal. Also, the access statistics of the articles are available. The prepublication and the manuscript tracking system are also helpful for the authors.
Areas for improvement: In certain cases, I felt that the peer review process of the manuscripts was not up to international standards and that it should be strengthened. Also, the number of manuscripts in an issue is high and it may be difficult for readers to go through all of them. The journal can consider tightening of the peer review process and increasing the quality standards for the acceptance of the manuscripts. I faced occasional problems with the online manuscript submission (Pre-publishing) system, which have to be addressed.
Overall, the publishing process with JCDR has been smooth, quick and relatively hassle free and I can recommend other authors to consider the journal as an outlet for their work."
Dr. P. Ravi Shankar
KIST Medical College, P.O. Box 14142, Kathmandu, Nepal.
E-mail: ravi.dr.shankar@gmail.com
On April 2011 Anuradha
Dear team JCDR, I would like to thank you for the very professional and polite service provided by everyone at JCDR. While i have been in the field of writing and editing for sometime, this has been my first attempt in publishing a scientific paper.Thank you for hand-holding me through the process.
Dr. Anuradha
E-mail: anuradha2nittur@gmail.com
On Jan 2020
Case report
Full Version
A Rare Case of a Tracheal Bronchus
Correspondence Address :
Dr. Thilagavathy G. 13/3, Mangesh Street, T. Nagar, India, Chennai, India - 600 017. Phone: 9840428885 E-mail: drgthilaga@yahoo.Com
We are reporting here a case of a right tracheal bronchus who presented with recurrent right upper lobe pneumonia. On the initial visit, the patient presented with a right upper lobe opacity which was anterior to the right main bronchus. Fiber optic bronchoscopy revealed a right tracheal bronchus, 2.5 cm above the carina. 8 months later, the patient presented with a peripheral type of right upper lobe opacity. Though the lesions simulated tuberculosis/malignancy, cytology and bacteriology were not confirmatory and the patient was treated symptomatically. After being on regular follow up after 4 months, the patient had complete resolution of both the opacities, with residual atelectasis in the upper lobe.
Pneumonia, Malignancy, Computerized tomography guided biopsy
INTRODUCTION
The tracheal bronchus (bronchus suis) is a rare congenital anomaly which occurs as a result of an additional tracheal out growth early in the embryonic life. It originates more commonly from the right wall of the trachea, above the carina. It is usually asymptomatic but some people experience recurrent pneumonia, chronic bronchitis or bronchiectasis, probably due to narrowing at the origin of the tracheal bronchus. The prevalence of the right tracheal bronchus is 0.1%–2% and that of the left tracheal bronchus 0.3%–1%. (1),(2) Here, we are presenting a case of tracheal bronchus of the super numerary type, which is uncommon as compared to the displaced type which presents with recurrent right upper lobe pneumonia (3).
A 53-year old man, a teetotaler and a known case of Type II NIDDM, who was on regular treatment and control, presented with complaints of recurrent episodes of fever and cough with expectoration for 3-4 months, on and off. He had no similar episodes of respiratory problems in the past. There was no past history of taking anti-tuberculous treatment. The rest of the history was unremarkable.
On examination, his vitals were found to be stable. He was comfortable at rest. The trachea was slightly shifted to the right. The examination of his chest revealed a mild dullness in the right infraclaviclular region and the rest of the examination was unremarkable. The routine investigations revealed that haemoglobin was 11.25gms% and that the total laeukocyte count was 14000/mm3 with the differential count being, neutrophils-80%, lymphocytes-18%, eosinophils-01% and monocytes -01%. The blood sugar, serum urea, creatinine and the liver function tests, all showed normal values. The sputum for Ziehl-Neelsen staining was negative on 3 occasions. The chest X-ray revealed a right upper zone opacity and a computerized tomography imaging showed an irregular hypodense (207HU) lesion at the right hilum, which was anterior to the right main bronchus,which extended upto the anterior segment of the right upper lobe, with an impression which was suggestive of the central type of bronchogenic carcinoma (Table/Fig 1) Fiber optic bronchoscopy revealed normal vocal cords and a right tracheal bronchus which arose from 2cm. above the carina (Table/Fig 2) and1c. The right bronchial tree was normal and the right upper lobe bronchi had all the three lobar branches, confirming that this was a supernumerary type of tracheal bronchus. The rest of the bronchoscopy was normal.
A bronchial biopsy and a brushing from the tracheal bronchus were taken and they turned out to be negative for malignant cells and AFB and showed a non-specific inflammation. The patient was treated with a course of antibiotics and he improved symptomatically and radiologically. After 8 months, the patient again had a similar episode of fever and cough with sputum. On evaluation, his chest X-ray and computerized tomography revealed a consolidation in the right upper lobe, which peripherally involved the pleura (Table/Fig 3) (13) and 2A) A computerized tomography guided biopsy was done from the lesion and the pathology was again suggestive of a non-specific inflammation and it was negative for acid fast bacilli and malignant cells. The patient made an uneventful recovery with a course of antibiotics and supportive care. Further, on follow up and repeated computerized tomography of the chest after 4 months, he showed a complete resolution of both the opacities, with residual atelectasis in the upper lobe (Table/Fig 4). A virtual bronchoscopy was also done, as it has been shown in (Table/Fig 5).(5),(6). The patient is on regular follow up and he has recovered completely.
The tracheal bronchus which was first described by Sandisfort in 1785, is an aberrant, accessory or ectopic bronchial branchingwhich originates from the right lateral wall of the trachea, which is more common in males. It occurs as a result of an additional tracheal out growth early in embryonic life, with an incidence which ranges from 0.1% to 5%. The term ‘tracheal bronchus’ is used to designate any bronchus which originates from the trachea above the level of the main carina. The tracheal bronchus which is also called as Pig’s bronchus, is a normal finding in sheep, swine, cattle, camels, goats and giraffes, but it is a rare and usually incidental finding in humans. It can develop from any point above the main carina, but it occurs usually within the 2cm range. Its diameter ranges from 0.5 cm to 1.0 cm and its length ranges from 0.6 cm to 2.0 cm. It can be displaced or supernumerary, depending on the number of segmental bronchi of the anatomical right upper lobe bronchus (4). If the anatomical right upper lobe bronchus bifurcates, the tracheal bronchus is defined as displaced and if it trifurcates, it is defined as supernumerary, as in this patient [Table/Fig-4 and 4a]. Most of the cases of the tracheal bronchus are asymptomatic, and they are detected only incidentally during bronchoscopy or radiologic examinations. The supernumerary bronchus is less common than the displaced bronchus and it can coexist with the normal right upper lobe branching, as in our case. The supernumerary teacheal bronchus aerates either the normal lung parenchyma, a cyst or an accessory segment of the right upper lobe, as in this case. The supernumerary lung tissue can be intra-lobar or extra-lobar, depending on whether it shares the pleura of the upper lobe. It can have its own vascular supply, which can be from the systemic or the pulmonary artery system.
In the recent literature, the term ‘tracheal bronchus’ was found to encompass a variety of bronchial anomalies which originated from the trachea or the main bronchus and were directed to the upper lobe territory. Therefore, we suggest the use of a modified nomenclature from Boyden (8) and Kubik and Müntener (9) to clarify the classification of the aberrant bronchi which are directed to the upper lobes [Table/Fig-5]. The normal right upper lobe bronchus is described as eparterial, because it arises above the right pulmonary artery. The normal left upper lobe bronchus is described as hyparterial, because it arises below the left pulmonary artery. An anomalous bronchus which arises proximal to the origin of the upper lobe bronchus is called as pre-eparterial on the right side [Table/Fig-5] and as eparterial or pre-hyparterial on the left side [Table/Fig-5]. An anomalous bronchus which arises distal to the origin of the upper lobe bronchus is called as post-eparterial on the right side and as post-hyparterial on the left side.
The tracheal bronchus may be asymptomatic or it may be asso- ciated with recurrent pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, and bronchiectasis. This may be caused by the relatively poor local drainage of the involved bronchi. The other comorbidities includes a troubled intubation, intra-operative hypoxaemia and lung cancer in adults (7). Other congenital anomalies such as a laryngeal web, rib and vertebral anomalies, tracheal stenosis, and congenital heart disease, are occasionally associated with this condition (10). A majority of the patients with tracheal bronchi are asymptomatic and they do not require any medical intervention. In the case of recurrent pneumonia which is complicated by bronchiectasis,surgical resection of the aberrant bronchus as well as the lobe it supplies is the treatment of choice (7).
The purpose behind the writing of this case report was to highlight that: The presence of recurrent or chronic lung disease, especially when the right upper lobe is involved, may suggest an ectopic bronchus. There should be no hesitation in resorting to an invasive procedure when radiology and sputum microscopy do not point to a definite diagnosis. The value of bronchoscopy should not be underestimated. The presence of a tracheal bronchus may complicate the endotracheal intubation and it is of immense importance to an anaesthetist (11),(12).
1] Barat M, Konrad HR. Tracheal bronchus. Am J Otolaryngol 1987; 8:118-22.
- Emerging Sources Citation Index (Web of Science, thomsonreuters)
- Index Copernicus ICV 2017: 134.54
- Academic Search Complete Database
- Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
- Embase
- EBSCOhost
- Google Scholar
- HINARI Access to Research in Health Programme
- Indian Science Abstracts (ISA)
- Journal seek Database
- Popline (reproductive health literature)
- www.omnimedicalsearch.com