
Risk Factors for Pneumonia in Patients with Acute Ischaemic Stroke-A Retrospective Study
Correspondence Address :Dr. Roy Thomas,
Consultant Neurologist, Travancore Medical College Kollam, Thattamala P O, Kollam-691020, Kerala, India.
E-mail: drroythom@yahoo.com
Introduction: The most common non-neurological complication of stroke is infection. Stroke, associated with pneumonia is one among them. A few studies have identified prognostic predictors of pneumonia in stroke.
Aim: To identify the risk factors of pneumonia in acute ischaemic stroke patients.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included medical records of 470 adult patients with acute ischaemic stroke between June 2015 to June 2020 (five years) in a Tertiary Care Medical College and Hospital. Among them, 173 had stroke associated with pneumonia. The clinical parameters–age, gender, lesion location, stroke severity (Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)) , National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Modified Barthel Activities of Daily Living (ADL) index, water swallow test, vascular risk factors and co-existing conditions (pre-existent Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), atrial fibrillation, renal electrolyte dysfunction, hypoproteinaemia) were compared. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis.
Results: In this study, the following factors were associated with increased risk of developing pneumonia–age>70 years, bed ridden status, GCS≤13, NIHSS≥5, water swallow test score≤2. Among them, multivariate analysis identified bed ridden status and water swallow test as independent predictors.
Conclusion: Bed ridden status and water swallow test score were significant risk factors of ischaemic stroke associated with pneumonia. Hence, an early identification of these factors and a better knowledge of them may help in better care and prevention of pneumonia in acute ischaemic stroke.
Bed ridden status, Cerebrovascular disease, Infection, Prognosis, Water swallow test
DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2021/47188.14404
Date of Submission: Oct 13, 2020
Date of Peer Review: Nov 12, 2020
Date of Acceptance: Dec 02, 2020
Date of Publishing: Jan 01, 2021
PLAGIARISM CHECKING METHODS:
• Plagiarism X-checker: Oct 14, 2020
• Manual Googling: Nov 27, 2020
• iThenticate Software: Nov 30, 2020 (20%)
AUTHOR DECLARATION:
• Financial or Other Competing Interests: None
• Was Ethics Committee Approval obtained for this study? Yes
• Was informed consent obtained from the subjects involved in the study? Yes
• For any images presented appropriate consent has been obtained from the subjects. No
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