Article in PDF
How to Cite
Citation Manager
Readers' Comments (0)
Audio Visual Article Statistics
Link
to PUBMED
Print this Article
Send to a Friend
Advertisers
Access Statistics Resources
Authors are the souls of any journal, and deserve much respect. To publish a journal manuscripts are needed from authors. Authors have a great responsibility for producing facts of their work in terms of number and results truthfully and an individual honesty is expected from authors in this regards. Both ways its true "No authors-No manuscripts-No journals" and "No journals–No manuscripts–No authors". Reviewing a manuscript is also a very responsible and important task of any peer-reviewed journal and to be taken seriously. It needs knowledge on the subject, sincerity, honesty and determination. Although the process of reviewing a manuscript is a time consuming task butit is expected to give one's best remarks within the time frame of the journal.
Salient features of the JCDR: It is a biomedical, multidisciplinary (including all medical and dental specialities), e-journal, with wide scope and extensive author support. At the same time, a free text of manuscript is available in HTML and PDF format. There is fast growing authorship and readership with JCDR as this can be judged by the number of articles published in it i e; in Feb 2007 of its first issue, it contained 5 articles only, and now in its recent volume published in April 2011, it contained 67 manuscripts. This e-journal is fulfilling the commitments and objectives sincerely, (as stated by Editor-in-chief in his preface to first edition) i e; to encourage physicians through the internet, especially from the developing countries who witness a spectrum of disease and acquire a wealth of knowledge to publish their experiences to benefit the medical community in patients care. I also feel that many of us have work of substance, newer ideas, adequate clinical materials but poor in medical writing and hesitation to submit the work and need help. JCDR provides authors help in this regards.
Timely publication of journal: Publication of manuscripts and bringing out the issue in time is one of the positive aspects of JCDR and is possible with strong support team in terms of peer reviewers, proof reading, language check, computer operators, etc. This is one of the great reasons for authors to submit their work with JCDR. Another best part of JCDR is "Online first Publications" facilities available for the authors. This facility not only provides the prompt publications of the manuscripts but at the same time also early availability of the manuscripts for the readers.
Indexation and online availability: Indexation transforms the journal in some sense from its local ownership to the worldwide professional community and to the public.JCDR is indexed with Embase & EMbiology, Google Scholar, Index Copernicus, Chemical Abstracts Service, Journal seek Database, Indian Science Abstracts, to name few of them. Manuscriptspublished in JCDR are available on major search engines ie; google, yahoo, msn.
In the era of fast growing newer technologies, and in computer and internet friendly environment the manuscripts preparation, submission, review, revision, etc and all can be done and checked with a click from all corer of the world, at any time. Of course there is always a scope for improvement in every field and none is perfect. To progress, one needs to identify the areas of one's weakness and to strengthen them.
It is well said that "happy beginning is half done" and it fits perfectly with JCDR. It has grown considerably and I feel it has already grown up from its infancy to adolescence, achieving the status of standard online e-journal form Indian continent since its inception in Feb 2007. This had been made possible due to the efforts and the hard work put in it. The way the JCDR is improving with every new volume, with good quality original manuscripts, makes it a quality journal for readers. I must thank and congratulate Dr Hemant Jain, Editor-in-Chief JCDR and his team for their sincere efforts, dedication, and determination for making JCDR a fast growing journal.
Every one of us: authors, reviewers, editors, and publisher are responsible for enhancing the stature of the journal. I wish for a great success for JCDR."
Thanking you
With sincere regards
Dr. Rajendra Kumar Ghritlaharey, M.S., M. Ch., FAIS
Associate Professor,
Department of Paediatric Surgery, Gandhi Medical College & Associated
Kamla Nehru & Hamidia Hospitals Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 001 (India)
E-mail: drrajendrak1@rediffmail.com
On May 11,2011
Dr. Shankar P.R.
"On looking back through my Gmail archives after being requested by the journal to write a short editorial about my experiences of publishing with the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR), I came across an e-mail from Dr. Hemant Jain, Editor, in March 2007, which introduced the new electronic journal. The main features of the journal which were outlined in the e-mail were extensive author support, cash rewards, the peer review process, and other salient features of the journal.
Over a span of over four years, we (I and my colleagues) have published around 25 articles in the journal. In this editorial, I plan to briefly discuss my experiences of publishing with JCDR and the strengths of the journal and to finally address the areas for improvement.
My experiences of publishing with JCDR: Overall, my experiences of publishing withJCDR have been positive. The best point about the journal is that it responds to queries from the author. This may seem to be simple and not too much to ask for, but unfortunately, many journals in the subcontinent and from many developing countries do not respond or they respond with a long delay to the queries from the authors 1. The reasons could be many, including lack of optimal secretarial and other support. Another problem with many journals is the slowness of the review process. Editorial processing and peer review can take anywhere between a year to two years with some journals. Also, some journals do not keep the contributors informed about the progress of the review process. Due to the long review process, the articles can lose their relevance and topicality. A major benefit with JCDR is the timeliness and promptness of its response. In Dr Jain's e-mail which was sent to me in 2007, before the introduction of the Pre-publishing system, he had stated that he had received my submission and that he would get back to me within seven days and he did!
Most of the manuscripts are published within 3 to 4 months of their submission if they are found to be suitable after the review process. JCDR is published bimonthly and the accepted articles were usually published in the next issue. Recently, due to the increased volume of the submissions, the review process has become slower and it ?? Section can take from 4 to 6 months for the articles to be reviewed. The journal has an extensive author support system and it has recently introduced a paid expedited review process. The journal also mentions the average time for processing the manuscript under different submission systems - regular submission and expedited review.
Strengths of the journal: The journal has an online first facility in which the accepted manuscripts may be published on the website before being included in a regular issue of the journal. This cuts down the time between their acceptance and the publication. The journal is indexed in many databases, though not in PubMed. The editorial board should now take steps to index the journal in PubMed. The journal has a system of notifying readers through e-mail when a new issue is released. Also, the articles are available in both the HTML and the PDF formats. I especially like the new and colorful page format of the journal. Also, the access statistics of the articles are available. The prepublication and the manuscript tracking system are also helpful for the authors.
Areas for improvement: In certain cases, I felt that the peer review process of the manuscripts was not up to international standards and that it should be strengthened. Also, the number of manuscripts in an issue is high and it may be difficult for readers to go through all of them. The journal can consider tightening of the peer review process and increasing the quality standards for the acceptance of the manuscripts. I faced occasional problems with the online manuscript submission (Pre-publishing) system, which have to be addressed.
Overall, the publishing process with JCDR has been smooth, quick and relatively hassle free and I can recommend other authors to consider the journal as an outlet for their work."
Dr. P. Ravi Shankar
KIST Medical College, P.O. Box 14142, Kathmandu, Nepal.
E-mail: ravi.dr.shankar@gmail.com
On April 2011 Anuradha
Dear team JCDR, I would like to thank you for the very professional and polite service provided by everyone at JCDR. While i have been in the field of writing and editing for sometime, this has been my first attempt in publishing a scientific paper.Thank you for hand-holding me through the process.
Dr. Anuradha
E-mail: anuradha2nittur@gmail.com
On Jan 2020
Case report
Full Version
Polycystic Kidney with Gross and Histological Aspects: A Case Report
Correspondence Address :
Rashmi Malhotra,
Additional Professor, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Virbhadra Road, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.
E-mail: rashmi.ana@aiimsrishikesh.edu.in
Renal cysts are fluid-filled cavities on the surface of kidneys which may be solitary or multiple. They may present as incidental finding during routine radiological investigations for chronic renal failure, end-stage renal disease or due to associated abdominal symptoms. During routine cadaveric dissection at the Institute, multiple cysts were observed on the surface of left kidney in a 67-year-old male cadaver. The cysts were carefully observed for gross appearance and histological examination of the cysts and biochemical analysis of cystic fluid was done. The right kidney was normal in gross appearance but was associated with double renal arteries. The left kidney, which appeared smaller, showed polycystic appearance with total 14 cysts on the surface of left kidney and distorted histology. Knowledge of renal cysts and variations in renal vascular anatomy should be kept in mind for planning effective treatment.
Cadaveric dissection, Chronic renal failure, Renal cysts
During routine cadaveric dissection of a 67-year-old male cadaver, multiple cysts were observed on the surface of left kidney. The cysts were carefully observed for gross appearance and histological examination of the cysts and biochemical analysis of cystic fluid was done. The cadaver was donated to the Institute for teaching and research purpose after obtaining consent from the relatives and proper formalities.
The past medical history of the patient from the record, revealed that he presented with pain in left flank region along with painful micturition, which on radiological investigation showed clear signs of space-occupying cystic lesions with polycystic kidney and lowgrade ascites. However, imaging studies could not be obtained from the relatives. On enquiry, family history of renal disease was also confirmed. The patient was receiving the treatment from Department of Urology and in the further course, he eventually became dialysis dependent because of progressive renal failure. He was able to receive only two sessions of dialysis after which, he died.
On dissection, the right kidney (12.5×5.8×7.4 cm) was normal in gross appearance but was associated with double renal arteries. The left kidney, which appeared smaller (11×5.3×6.6 cm), showed polycystic appearance with total 14 cysts on the surface of left kidney, out of which nine were irregular, three were circular and two were oval in shape. All the cysts were greyish-black in colour while the fluid inside them was white in colour and viscous in consistency. (Table/Fig 1) represents the dimensions of various parameters of kidneys. Left ureter was dilated with a calculus lodged inside it, as shown in (Table/Fig 2)a,b, which represents the posterior view with dual renal arteries supplying the right kidney. Origin of these two renal arteries was traced carefully and was found to be arising from anterior and posterior aspects of abdominal aorta.
On coronal section, the renal cysts were seen communicating with the blood vessels as well as the parenchyma, as illustrated in (Table/Fig 3). The histological image of Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained left polycystic kidney showed distorted cortex (100% encroachment) and medulla (80% encroachment). Multiple cysts were seen in left kidney having cluster of nuclei with colloid solution like appearance. (Table/Fig 4)a represents H&E stained left polycystic kidney in 10X magnification, with distorted glomerulus, collagen fibres and cyst labelled as 1,2 and 3, respectively. Proximal Convoluted Tubules (PCT) and Distal Convoluted Tubules (DCT) were not distinguishable with cortex and medulla containing dilated blood vessels and cluster of Red Blood Cells (RBC), as shown in (Table/Fig 4)b in 40X magnification. The irregular cysts in left kidney were lined by distorted simple cuboidal epithelium along with distorted cortex and collagen fibres. (Table/Fig 4)c again depicts 40X magnified view with distorted PCT, medullary nephrons and glomerulus. Nephrons had dense large nuclei and lesser cytoplasmic content. Urine strip test or dipstick test of cystic fluid was done and it was found to be positive for amylase (carbohydrate) but negative for lipase, protein and fat.
A simple kidney cyst is a collection of fluid originating from the surface of kidney lined by a thin wall (1). Cysts may appear when excretory tubules of metanephros fail to communicate with collecting tubules (2). However, newer theories explain, the cause of congenital polycystic kidney as faulty dilatation of uriniferous tubules, especially Henle’s loops (3). Pattern of inheritance of polycystic kidney can be either, Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD), Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (ARPKD) (4).
The more common form, ADPKD mostly presents in adulthood and is a multisystem disorder characterised by slow growing renal cysts, found in the distal part of the nephron and the collecting ducts (5). It is mostly attributed to the mutation in PKD1 (80%) or PKD2 (15%) genes, located in chromosomes 16p13.3 and 4q22.1, respectively and coding for Polycystin 1 and 2 (PC1 and PC2) proteins, respectively (4). Mutation in polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1 gene (PKHD1) is considered as the chief cause, which codes for fibrocystin (6). The paired renal arteries arise from abdominal aorta at a level, just below the origin of superior mesenteric artery (7).
Two cases of ADPKD were reported by Bear RA, in 1974, one with unilateral ADPKD and agenesis of the opposite kidney and the other case with unilateral ADPKD and opposite kidney removed. The family history of the former case revealed polycystic kidney in father, who later died of hypertension and kidney failure (8).
Levine E and Huntrakoon M, reported two cases using abdominal Computerised Tomography (CT) and proposed the term Unilateral Renal Cystic Disease (URCD) as a distinct disease entity from ADPKD. They proposed that, URCD was little different from ADPKD, as the former is usually located unilaterally, not associated with any family history and usually does not progress to kidney failure (9).
In a histopathological study reported by Shakuntala N and Sujatha K, most of the cysts were situated in the cortical region of kidney. No clue of communication was found in the cysts located in parenchyma. According to them, the cysts were lined by collagenous fibres and ill-defined epithelium, with bloody lumen in some of them (10). However, in the present case, cysts were found to be encroaching the whole cortex and almost 80% medulla with poorly differentiable proximal and distal convoluted tubules.
The present case is a lot in concurrence with a research by Kaur M et al., in 2012, who also reported multiple cysts only on the left side of an old male cadaver along with dilated ureter. They also reported the presence of dual renal arteries on the right side without any abnormality in other visceras. However, they reported slightly larger dimensions of left cystic kidney compared to the right one in contrast to the present study findings, where the left cystic kidney appeared smaller than its right counterpart. In present case, double renal arteries on the right side were arising from anterior and posterior aspects of abdominal aorta whereas in their study, right renal artery appeared from aorta which after a short distance divided into two parts with main trunk entering the hilum of right kidney and the branch entering the kidney through its upper pole (11). Extra renal arteries usually arise from abdominal aorta or one of its branches and various studies support the fact that, their presence might be associated with other conditions like increased blood pressure or blockage in urinary tract, when ureter is compressed or even renal transplantation failure (11),(12). However, in the present case, authors could not find any such association with polycystic kidney in the cadaver.
Although in the present case report, no other clinical condition was observed to be associated with polycystic kidney or accessory renal artery on dissection or from medical history, but thorough awareness and understanding of these variations is of paramount significance for surgeons for various surgeries.
DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2022/57327.16901
Date of Submission: Apr 25, 2022
Date of Peer Review: May 28, 2022
Date of Acceptance: Jul 04, 2022
Date of Publishing: Oct 01, 2022
AUTHOR DECLARATION:
• Financial or Other Competing Interests: None
• Was informed consent obtained from the subjects involved in the study? NA
• For any images presented appropriate consent has been obtained from the subjects. NA
PLAGIARISM CHECKING METHODS:
• Plagiarism X-checker: Apr 29, 2022
• Manual Googling: Jun 24, 2022
• iThenticate Software: Sep 05, 2022 (5%)
ETYMOLOGY: Author Origin
- Emerging Sources Citation Index (Web of Science, thomsonreuters)
- Index Copernicus ICV 2017: 134.54
- Academic Search Complete Database
- Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
- Embase
- EBSCOhost
- Google Scholar
- HINARI Access to Research in Health Programme
- Indian Science Abstracts (ISA)
- Journal seek Database
- Popline (reproductive health literature)
- www.omnimedicalsearch.com