Assessment of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Anti-biofilm Activity of Plectranthus Amboinicus Solvent Extract against Pure Strains of Putative Periodontal Pathogens: An In-vitro Study
Correspondence Address :
Vamsi Lavu,
Department of Periodontology, Sri Ramachandra Dental College and Hospital, Porur, Chennai-600116, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
E-mail: vamsilavu@sriramachandra.edu.in
Introduction: Antiseptic agents used in periodontics as anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis agents are primarily chemical substances such as Bis-biguanide derivatives (chlorhexidine) or essential oils. Herbal derivatives have gained prominence in the recent past due to their activity against putative periodontal pathogens; however, only a few have achieved commercialisation. This study focusses on determining the efficacy of an extract from a widely available herb, Indian mint-Plectranthus Amboinicus Methanolic extract (PAM), which has known anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties against periodontal pathogens in-vitro.
Aim: To assess the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and anti-biofilm property of PAM solvent extract against pure strains of putative periodontal pathogens, namely Porphyromonas gingivalis (American Type Culture Collection-ATCC 33277), Fusobacterium nucleatum (ATCC 25586), and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (ATCC 43718).
Materials and Methods: The extract of PA was prepared using methanol and a Soxhlet extractor. An in-vitro analysis of the MIC and anti-biofilm efficacy of the extract was performed against standard strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Fusobacterium nucleatum using the broth dilution method and microtitre-crystal violet assay, respectively. The MIC activity of the PAM extracts was compared with Chlorhexidine as a standard.
Results: The MIC value of P. amboinicus extract was nearly similar to Chlorhexidine as assessed by the broth dilution method. The MIC of P. amboinicus extract for A.a and P.g was 0.4 ug/mL, F.n was 0.8 ug/mL, and the Chlorhexidine values against all three periodontal pathogens were 0.2 ug/mL. The anti-biofilm activity of The extract of PAMwas evaluated using the microtitre-crystal violet assay, and the Optical Density (OD) values were reduced after exposure to the extract, with a significant reduction (p<0.001) of the biofilm-forming bacteria observed.
Conclusion: The methanol extract of PAM demonstrated a noteworthy MIC, exhibiting effectiveness at a low concentration of 0.4 μg/mL against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in three repeated trials. Moreover, this extract displayed significant inhibitory effects on the biofilm formation of periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Pg, Aa, Fn), suggesting its potential as an alternative to conventional chemical anti-microbials.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Anti-biofilm, Concentration, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis
DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2024/67836.19311
Date of Submission: Oct 09, 2023
Date of Peer Review: Dec 14, 2023
Date of Acceptance: Feb 16, 2024
Date of Publishing: Apr 01, 2024
AUTHOR DECLARATION:
• Financial or Other Competing Interests: None
• Was Ethics Committee Approval obtained for this study? Yes
• Was informed consent obtained from the subjects involved in the study? NA
• For any images presented appropriate consent has been obtained from the subjects. NA
PLAGIARISM CHECKING METHODS:
• Plagiarism X-checker: Oct 09, 2023
• Manual Googling: Dec 12, 2023
• iThenticate Software: Feb 14, 2024 (15%)
ETYMOLOGY: Author Origin
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