Article in PDF
How to Cite
Citation Manager
Readers' Comments (0)
Audio Visual Article Statistics
Link
to PUBMED
Print this Article
Send to a Friend
Advertisers
Access Statistics Resources
Authors are the souls of any journal, and deserve much respect. To publish a journal manuscripts are needed from authors. Authors have a great responsibility for producing facts of their work in terms of number and results truthfully and an individual honesty is expected from authors in this regards. Both ways its true "No authors-No manuscripts-No journals" and "No journals–No manuscripts–No authors". Reviewing a manuscript is also a very responsible and important task of any peer-reviewed journal and to be taken seriously. It needs knowledge on the subject, sincerity, honesty and determination. Although the process of reviewing a manuscript is a time consuming task butit is expected to give one's best remarks within the time frame of the journal.
Salient features of the JCDR: It is a biomedical, multidisciplinary (including all medical and dental specialities), e-journal, with wide scope and extensive author support. At the same time, a free text of manuscript is available in HTML and PDF format. There is fast growing authorship and readership with JCDR as this can be judged by the number of articles published in it i e; in Feb 2007 of its first issue, it contained 5 articles only, and now in its recent volume published in April 2011, it contained 67 manuscripts. This e-journal is fulfilling the commitments and objectives sincerely, (as stated by Editor-in-chief in his preface to first edition) i e; to encourage physicians through the internet, especially from the developing countries who witness a spectrum of disease and acquire a wealth of knowledge to publish their experiences to benefit the medical community in patients care. I also feel that many of us have work of substance, newer ideas, adequate clinical materials but poor in medical writing and hesitation to submit the work and need help. JCDR provides authors help in this regards.
Timely publication of journal: Publication of manuscripts and bringing out the issue in time is one of the positive aspects of JCDR and is possible with strong support team in terms of peer reviewers, proof reading, language check, computer operators, etc. This is one of the great reasons for authors to submit their work with JCDR. Another best part of JCDR is "Online first Publications" facilities available for the authors. This facility not only provides the prompt publications of the manuscripts but at the same time also early availability of the manuscripts for the readers.
Indexation and online availability: Indexation transforms the journal in some sense from its local ownership to the worldwide professional community and to the public.JCDR is indexed with Embase & EMbiology, Google Scholar, Index Copernicus, Chemical Abstracts Service, Journal seek Database, Indian Science Abstracts, to name few of them. Manuscriptspublished in JCDR are available on major search engines ie; google, yahoo, msn.
In the era of fast growing newer technologies, and in computer and internet friendly environment the manuscripts preparation, submission, review, revision, etc and all can be done and checked with a click from all corer of the world, at any time. Of course there is always a scope for improvement in every field and none is perfect. To progress, one needs to identify the areas of one's weakness and to strengthen them.
It is well said that "happy beginning is half done" and it fits perfectly with JCDR. It has grown considerably and I feel it has already grown up from its infancy to adolescence, achieving the status of standard online e-journal form Indian continent since its inception in Feb 2007. This had been made possible due to the efforts and the hard work put in it. The way the JCDR is improving with every new volume, with good quality original manuscripts, makes it a quality journal for readers. I must thank and congratulate Dr Hemant Jain, Editor-in-Chief JCDR and his team for their sincere efforts, dedication, and determination for making JCDR a fast growing journal.
Every one of us: authors, reviewers, editors, and publisher are responsible for enhancing the stature of the journal. I wish for a great success for JCDR."
Thanking you
With sincere regards
Dr. Rajendra Kumar Ghritlaharey, M.S., M. Ch., FAIS
Associate Professor,
Department of Paediatric Surgery, Gandhi Medical College & Associated
Kamla Nehru & Hamidia Hospitals Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 001 (India)
E-mail: drrajendrak1@rediffmail.com
On May 11,2011
Dr. Shankar P.R.
"On looking back through my Gmail archives after being requested by the journal to write a short editorial about my experiences of publishing with the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR), I came across an e-mail from Dr. Hemant Jain, Editor, in March 2007, which introduced the new electronic journal. The main features of the journal which were outlined in the e-mail were extensive author support, cash rewards, the peer review process, and other salient features of the journal.
Over a span of over four years, we (I and my colleagues) have published around 25 articles in the journal. In this editorial, I plan to briefly discuss my experiences of publishing with JCDR and the strengths of the journal and to finally address the areas for improvement.
My experiences of publishing with JCDR: Overall, my experiences of publishing withJCDR have been positive. The best point about the journal is that it responds to queries from the author. This may seem to be simple and not too much to ask for, but unfortunately, many journals in the subcontinent and from many developing countries do not respond or they respond with a long delay to the queries from the authors 1. The reasons could be many, including lack of optimal secretarial and other support. Another problem with many journals is the slowness of the review process. Editorial processing and peer review can take anywhere between a year to two years with some journals. Also, some journals do not keep the contributors informed about the progress of the review process. Due to the long review process, the articles can lose their relevance and topicality. A major benefit with JCDR is the timeliness and promptness of its response. In Dr Jain's e-mail which was sent to me in 2007, before the introduction of the Pre-publishing system, he had stated that he had received my submission and that he would get back to me within seven days and he did!
Most of the manuscripts are published within 3 to 4 months of their submission if they are found to be suitable after the review process. JCDR is published bimonthly and the accepted articles were usually published in the next issue. Recently, due to the increased volume of the submissions, the review process has become slower and it ?? Section can take from 4 to 6 months for the articles to be reviewed. The journal has an extensive author support system and it has recently introduced a paid expedited review process. The journal also mentions the average time for processing the manuscript under different submission systems - regular submission and expedited review.
Strengths of the journal: The journal has an online first facility in which the accepted manuscripts may be published on the website before being included in a regular issue of the journal. This cuts down the time between their acceptance and the publication. The journal is indexed in many databases, though not in PubMed. The editorial board should now take steps to index the journal in PubMed. The journal has a system of notifying readers through e-mail when a new issue is released. Also, the articles are available in both the HTML and the PDF formats. I especially like the new and colorful page format of the journal. Also, the access statistics of the articles are available. The prepublication and the manuscript tracking system are also helpful for the authors.
Areas for improvement: In certain cases, I felt that the peer review process of the manuscripts was not up to international standards and that it should be strengthened. Also, the number of manuscripts in an issue is high and it may be difficult for readers to go through all of them. The journal can consider tightening of the peer review process and increasing the quality standards for the acceptance of the manuscripts. I faced occasional problems with the online manuscript submission (Pre-publishing) system, which have to be addressed.
Overall, the publishing process with JCDR has been smooth, quick and relatively hassle free and I can recommend other authors to consider the journal as an outlet for their work."
Dr. P. Ravi Shankar
KIST Medical College, P.O. Box 14142, Kathmandu, Nepal.
E-mail: ravi.dr.shankar@gmail.com
On April 2011 Anuradha
Dear team JCDR, I would like to thank you for the very professional and polite service provided by everyone at JCDR. While i have been in the field of writing and editing for sometime, this has been my first attempt in publishing a scientific paper.Thank you for hand-holding me through the process.
Dr. Anuradha
E-mail: anuradha2nittur@gmail.com
On Jan 2020
Case report
Full Version
Nasal Rhinosporidiosis Diagnosed by Cytology: A Case Report
Correspondence Address :
Dr. Goutami Das Nayak,
Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, SCB Medical College, Mangalabag, Cuttack-753007, Odisha, India.
E-mail: goutamidn12@rediffmail.com
Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous inflammation of mucosal sites caused by the fungus Rhinosporidium seeberi. The most common site of involvement is the nasal mucosa, followed by the lips, palate, uvula, maxillary antrum, epiglottis, larynx, pharynx and trachea and bronchi. It usually presents as a polypoidal, reddish, friable, painless, pedunculated, hyperplastic soft-tissue mass in the nasal area, typically with an indolent and chronic progression. It can be confused clinically with other benign lesions such as inverted papillomas, primary sinonasal tuberculosis, angiofibromas and malignancies like nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Hence, accurate and final diagnosis is vital, which is achieved through histopathology. This is a case of rhinosporidiosis in a 44-year-old male patient who presented with a polypoidal nasal mass. Cytosmears revealed numerous endospores and few sporangia of Rhinosporidium seeberi, along with inflammatory cells and foreign body-type giant cells. Biopsy highlighted sporangia with endospores in different stages of maturation and thus confirmed the final diagnosis. Although cytology is a simple, preliminary, rapid and inexpensive method, histopathology is the gold standard for a definitive diagnosis. Surgical removal of the lesion with cauterisation of the attachment base is curative in the majority of cases. Recurrence is variable in endemic areas, especially in mucosal sites like the oropharynx and paranasal sinuses. Since there is inadequate literature on the cytodiagnosis of rhinosporidiosis, this case report highlights the significance and utility of cytology in the early diagnosis of nasal rhinosporidiosis.
Cytosmears, Fine needle aspiration cytology, Sporangia
A 44-year-old male patient presented to the Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) outpatient department with the chief complaints of a painless mass protruding from his left nostril and difficulty in breathing for the past two months. On examination, there was a polypoidal, erythematous mass measuring 2 cm in diameter, obstructing the left nasal cavity. There was no history of trauma, bleeding, or headache. The patient had no history of diabetes, hypertension, or any previous operative history. A clinical diagnosis of sinonasal polyp was considered.
General physical examination and systemic examination were normal. Complete blood counts, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), blood urea, serum creatinine, and chest X-ray were all within normal limits. A Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) scan of the nose and paranasal sinuses revealed multiple well-defined polypoidal lesions in the left maxillary sinus, nasal concha, and nasopharynx, likely indicating nasal and sinus polyps.
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) from the lesion yielded blood-mixed thick necrotic aspirates. Ethanol-fixed smears were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stains, while air-dried smears were stained with Diff-Quik stain. Microscopy of the smears showed numerous endospores (Table/Fig 1). A few ruptured sporangia were also observed (Table/Fig 2). The endospores were present in clusters and dispersed singly (Table/Fig 3). They were spherical to oval, measuring 6-12 μm in diameter, had thick chitinous walls, and stained purple in the H&E stain. A mixed inflammatory infiltrate consisting of epithelioid histiocytes, lymphocytes, plasma cells and polymorphs was noted in the background (Table/Fig 4).
The lesion was surgically excised. Histopathology sections from the resected lesion revealed various sizes (Table/Fig 5) of intact and ruptured sporangia with endospores in the submucosal tissue of the nasal cavity (Table/Fig 6), surrounded by inflammatory infiltrates and a few foreign body giant cells.
Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) stained histopathology sections showed deep magenta-stained walls of the endospores (Table/Fig 7). Thus, the diagnosis of rhinosporidiosis was confirmed. Surgical removal of the lesion was performed with cauterisation of the attachment base. The patient was followed-up after six months and reported no further complaints.
Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease caused by the fungus Rhinosporidium seeberi, an aquatic protistan belonging to the group Mesomycetozoa (1),(2). The first cytological observation of rhinosporidiosis was made by Fortin and Meisels in 1974 (3). It affects individuals of any age and sex in endemic areas such as India, Sri Lanka, South America, and Africa (4). Typically, it is a localised condition characterised by polypoidal lesions in mucosal sites, including the nasal, oral, and genital areas (4). Other rare sites of involvement include the conjunctiva, larynx, trachea, bronchi, skin, bone and viscera. The mode of infection occurs through air and water via traumatised epithelium, known as transepithelial infection (4). Contact with contaminated water, dust, soil, clothing, and low socio-economic status are significant risk factors. There is evidence of haematogenous spread of rhinosporidiosis to anatomically distant sites (4),(5). Some rare disseminated forms of rhinosporidiosis have also been reported. Bansal R et al., reported a case of disseminated rhinosporidiosis presenting as multiple subcutaneous nodules in the ear, neck, thigh, supraclavicular region, chest wall and forearm (6). Clinically, nasal rhinosporidiosis can be confused with benign neoplasms such as inverted papilloma, angiofibroma, and haemangioma, as well as malignancies like nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
The various developmental stages of sporangia in rhinosporidiosis can be readily identified using routine H&E staining and special fungal stains such as Gomori methenamine silver, PAS, and Mucicarmine stains (5),(6). Rhinosporidium seeberi has a morphology similar to Coccidioides, but its sporangia and endospores are larger than the spherules (7). Both clinicians and pathologists should be aware of this condition when dealing with patients from endemic areas who present with nasal masses. Fine FNAC or scrape cytology of rhinosporidiosis is economical and reliable for preoperative diagnosis (7),(8). Rhinosporidiosis is typically managed through wide surgical excision with cauterisation of the base of the lesion to prevent recurrence (8). Despite these measures, recurrence rates remain high, likely due to the spillage and seeding of sporangia during removal, which invade adjacent normal tissues (8),(9). Dapsone or antifungals have been tried in the past with variable success in selected cases, but with very high rates of recurrence due to the impenetrability of the sporangial wall to most antimicrobial agents. Furthermore, this organism is difficult to culture, making antibiotic susceptibility testing ineffective (9),(10).
Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous inflammation characterised by transepithelial infection, primarily affecting the nasal mucosa. Both clinicians and pathologists should be aware of this condition and consider it in the differential diagnosis when dealing with patients from endemic areas who present with nasal masses. Fine FNAC or scrape cytology for rhinosporidiosis is rapid, economical, and reliable for preoperative diagnosis, leading to early detection and prompt management. Histopathology must be performed for confirmation, aided by special stains for definitive diagnosis. The main treatment modality is surgical excision with cauterisation of the base.
DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2024/74721.20329
Date of Submission: Aug 03, 2024
Date of Peer Review: Sep 17, 2024
Date of Acceptance: Oct 01, 2024
Date of Publishing: Nov 01, 2024
AUTHOR DECLARATION:
• Financial or Other Competing Interests: None
• Was informed consent obtained from the subjects involved in the study? Yes
• For any images presented appropriate consent has been obtained from the subjects. Yes
PLAGIARISM CHECKING METHODS:
• Plagiarism X-checker: Aug 05, 2024
• Manual Googling: Sep 16, 2024
• iThenticate Software: Sep 30, 2024 (17%)
ETYMOLOGY: Author Origin
EMENDATIONS: 6
- Emerging Sources Citation Index (Web of Science, thomsonreuters)
- Index Copernicus ICV 2017: 134.54
- Academic Search Complete Database
- Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
- Embase
- EBSCOhost
- Google Scholar
- HINARI Access to Research in Health Programme
- Indian Science Abstracts (ISA)
- Journal seek Database
- Popline (reproductive health literature)
- www.omnimedicalsearch.com