Article in PDF
How to Cite
Citation Manager
Readers' Comments (0)
Audio Visual Article Statistics
Link
to PUBMED
Print this Article
Send to a Friend
Advertisers
Access Statistics Resources
Authors are the souls of any journal, and deserve much respect. To publish a journal manuscripts are needed from authors. Authors have a great responsibility for producing facts of their work in terms of number and results truthfully and an individual honesty is expected from authors in this regards. Both ways its true "No authors-No manuscripts-No journals" and "No journals–No manuscripts–No authors". Reviewing a manuscript is also a very responsible and important task of any peer-reviewed journal and to be taken seriously. It needs knowledge on the subject, sincerity, honesty and determination. Although the process of reviewing a manuscript is a time consuming task butit is expected to give one's best remarks within the time frame of the journal.
Salient features of the JCDR: It is a biomedical, multidisciplinary (including all medical and dental specialities), e-journal, with wide scope and extensive author support. At the same time, a free text of manuscript is available in HTML and PDF format. There is fast growing authorship and readership with JCDR as this can be judged by the number of articles published in it i e; in Feb 2007 of its first issue, it contained 5 articles only, and now in its recent volume published in April 2011, it contained 67 manuscripts. This e-journal is fulfilling the commitments and objectives sincerely, (as stated by Editor-in-chief in his preface to first edition) i e; to encourage physicians through the internet, especially from the developing countries who witness a spectrum of disease and acquire a wealth of knowledge to publish their experiences to benefit the medical community in patients care. I also feel that many of us have work of substance, newer ideas, adequate clinical materials but poor in medical writing and hesitation to submit the work and need help. JCDR provides authors help in this regards.
Timely publication of journal: Publication of manuscripts and bringing out the issue in time is one of the positive aspects of JCDR and is possible with strong support team in terms of peer reviewers, proof reading, language check, computer operators, etc. This is one of the great reasons for authors to submit their work with JCDR. Another best part of JCDR is "Online first Publications" facilities available for the authors. This facility not only provides the prompt publications of the manuscripts but at the same time also early availability of the manuscripts for the readers.
Indexation and online availability: Indexation transforms the journal in some sense from its local ownership to the worldwide professional community and to the public.JCDR is indexed with Embase & EMbiology, Google Scholar, Index Copernicus, Chemical Abstracts Service, Journal seek Database, Indian Science Abstracts, to name few of them. Manuscriptspublished in JCDR are available on major search engines ie; google, yahoo, msn.
In the era of fast growing newer technologies, and in computer and internet friendly environment the manuscripts preparation, submission, review, revision, etc and all can be done and checked with a click from all corer of the world, at any time. Of course there is always a scope for improvement in every field and none is perfect. To progress, one needs to identify the areas of one's weakness and to strengthen them.
It is well said that "happy beginning is half done" and it fits perfectly with JCDR. It has grown considerably and I feel it has already grown up from its infancy to adolescence, achieving the status of standard online e-journal form Indian continent since its inception in Feb 2007. This had been made possible due to the efforts and the hard work put in it. The way the JCDR is improving with every new volume, with good quality original manuscripts, makes it a quality journal for readers. I must thank and congratulate Dr Hemant Jain, Editor-in-Chief JCDR and his team for their sincere efforts, dedication, and determination for making JCDR a fast growing journal.
Every one of us: authors, reviewers, editors, and publisher are responsible for enhancing the stature of the journal. I wish for a great success for JCDR."
Thanking you
With sincere regards
Dr. Rajendra Kumar Ghritlaharey, M.S., M. Ch., FAIS
Associate Professor,
Department of Paediatric Surgery, Gandhi Medical College & Associated
Kamla Nehru & Hamidia Hospitals Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 001 (India)
E-mail: drrajendrak1@rediffmail.com
On May 11,2011
Dr. Shankar P.R.
"On looking back through my Gmail archives after being requested by the journal to write a short editorial about my experiences of publishing with the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR), I came across an e-mail from Dr. Hemant Jain, Editor, in March 2007, which introduced the new electronic journal. The main features of the journal which were outlined in the e-mail were extensive author support, cash rewards, the peer review process, and other salient features of the journal.
Over a span of over four years, we (I and my colleagues) have published around 25 articles in the journal. In this editorial, I plan to briefly discuss my experiences of publishing with JCDR and the strengths of the journal and to finally address the areas for improvement.
My experiences of publishing with JCDR: Overall, my experiences of publishing withJCDR have been positive. The best point about the journal is that it responds to queries from the author. This may seem to be simple and not too much to ask for, but unfortunately, many journals in the subcontinent and from many developing countries do not respond or they respond with a long delay to the queries from the authors 1. The reasons could be many, including lack of optimal secretarial and other support. Another problem with many journals is the slowness of the review process. Editorial processing and peer review can take anywhere between a year to two years with some journals. Also, some journals do not keep the contributors informed about the progress of the review process. Due to the long review process, the articles can lose their relevance and topicality. A major benefit with JCDR is the timeliness and promptness of its response. In Dr Jain's e-mail which was sent to me in 2007, before the introduction of the Pre-publishing system, he had stated that he had received my submission and that he would get back to me within seven days and he did!
Most of the manuscripts are published within 3 to 4 months of their submission if they are found to be suitable after the review process. JCDR is published bimonthly and the accepted articles were usually published in the next issue. Recently, due to the increased volume of the submissions, the review process has become slower and it ?? Section can take from 4 to 6 months for the articles to be reviewed. The journal has an extensive author support system and it has recently introduced a paid expedited review process. The journal also mentions the average time for processing the manuscript under different submission systems - regular submission and expedited review.
Strengths of the journal: The journal has an online first facility in which the accepted manuscripts may be published on the website before being included in a regular issue of the journal. This cuts down the time between their acceptance and the publication. The journal is indexed in many databases, though not in PubMed. The editorial board should now take steps to index the journal in PubMed. The journal has a system of notifying readers through e-mail when a new issue is released. Also, the articles are available in both the HTML and the PDF formats. I especially like the new and colorful page format of the journal. Also, the access statistics of the articles are available. The prepublication and the manuscript tracking system are also helpful for the authors.
Areas for improvement: In certain cases, I felt that the peer review process of the manuscripts was not up to international standards and that it should be strengthened. Also, the number of manuscripts in an issue is high and it may be difficult for readers to go through all of them. The journal can consider tightening of the peer review process and increasing the quality standards for the acceptance of the manuscripts. I faced occasional problems with the online manuscript submission (Pre-publishing) system, which have to be addressed.
Overall, the publishing process with JCDR has been smooth, quick and relatively hassle free and I can recommend other authors to consider the journal as an outlet for their work."
Dr. P. Ravi Shankar
KIST Medical College, P.O. Box 14142, Kathmandu, Nepal.
E-mail: ravi.dr.shankar@gmail.com
On April 2011 Anuradha
Dear team JCDR, I would like to thank you for the very professional and polite service provided by everyone at JCDR. While i have been in the field of writing and editing for sometime, this has been my first attempt in publishing a scientific paper.Thank you for hand-holding me through the process.
Dr. Anuradha
E-mail: anuradha2nittur@gmail.com
On Jan 2020
Research Protocol
Full Version
Comparative Evaluation of Rasa (Taste), Phytochemical Characterisation, HPTLC Fingerprinting and Antioxidant Activity of Taruni peya (Modified Rose Tea) Brewed using Five Methods: A Research Protocol
Correspondence Address :
Dr. Shivani Durgadas Darje,
Postgraduate Scholar, Department of Dravyaguna Vigyan, Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved College and Hospital and RC, Wardha-442001, Maharashtra, India.
E-mail: shivanidarje@gmail.com
Introduction: A “rose” is usually a flowering shrub of the genus Rosa that has thorny stems and fragrant blooms. Humans have been using roses and their preparations since ages for health benefits. Rose tea is an infusion prepared from rose buds and petals that is popular for its mild flavour and possible health benefits, including its antioxidant content. It can be drunk as a hot or cold infusion.
Need of the Study: No research has been done to date on the effects of brewing procedures on Rasa, phytochemical characterisation, High-performance Thin-layer Chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting, and the antioxidant properties of modified rose tea. A new field for standardising the brewing process for beverages like modified rose tea will be made possible by the study of these factors.
Aim: To evaluate of Rasa (taste), phytochemical characterisation, HPTLC fingerprinting, and antioxidant activity of Taruni peya {Modified Rose (Rosa centifolia Linn.) tea} prepared by five different brewing methods.
Materials and Methods: An experimental study will be conducted in the Department of Dravyaguna Vigyan, Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved College and Hospital and Research Centre (MGACH and RC), Salod, Wardha, Maharashtra, India, from April 2024 to June 2025. Roses (Rosa centifolia Linn.) will be collected from the natural habitat of the plant. The plant material will be authenticated and identified from Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions (FRLHT), Bengaluru, Botanical Survey of India (BSI), or the Botany Department or by an authorised person of the Dravyaguna (Pharmacology) Department. Rasa Nirdharana (Taste) of the samples will be analysed using parameters mentioned in Samhitas. Charaka, Sushruta, and other acharyas, have described the method of the perception and determination of taste by putting a substance on the tongue in which the Rasa perceived soon after the substance comes in contact with the tongue is called Rasa. Standard Pharmacognostical character and phytochemical characterisation will be performed on all samples using standard methods like macroscopy-microscopy and HPTLC fingerprinting will be studied as given in Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Antioxidant properties will be studied by using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric ion Reducing Antioxidant Potential (FRAP), and phosphomolybdenum assay. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test will be used for statistical analysis with a level of significance at p-value<0.05.
Cardamom, High-performance thin-layer chromatography, Pharmacognostic, Phosphomolybdenum
Herbal teas are widely utilised as antioxidants all over the world (1). There is no standard method of brewing. All across the world, various brewing techniques are employed to prepare these herbal beverages (2),(3). Various beverages in the market are made from herbal sources that have already been quoted in Ayurvedic literature for their possible therapeutic advantages. Aparajita (butterfly pea), Taruni (rose) and Shyamaparni (tea) are a few of these plants that have therapeutic potential. The best antioxidant beverages, according to market claims are herbal teas. Rose tea is regarded as the finest antioxidant, at par with or even superior to green tea (4), which is advertised as the best antioxidant globally. But in the current situation, there are no standard brewing techniques, because these techniques vary according to the geographical locations, cultures and nutritional preferences of the communities/tribes in question (3). There may be a change in the antioxidant property of the tea if various brewing techniques are employed to prepare it. Various rose tea recipes use various components as an addition for flavour, taste, etc., such as cardamom, daalchini, clove, etc., (5).
Rose tea is naturally devoid of caffeine, making it a fantastic alternative to some of the more popular caffeinated drinks. Every medicine in Ayurvedic pharmacology functions by the Rasapanchaka, or Rasa, Guna, Vipaka, Veerya, etc.,
The antioxidant content and general properties of modified rose tea may be affected by five different brewing techniques, including soft infusion, hard infusion, ambient method, cold infusion and decoction (3). The selection of five different brewing methods is predominantly used in Asian cultures as in India, Pakistan, China and Bangladesh. An explanation may be sought for the variations in antioxidant capabilities of these five tea brewing techniques employed in various Asian nations (3). The effects of varying brewing procedures on the antioxidative properties of modified rose tea have not been thoroughly investigated. The present research was aimed to contribute to a better understanding of how different brewing techniques impact the antioxidant content, phytochemical makeup, HPTLC fingerprinting, and overall properties of the tea, consequently improving our knowledge about how these factors affect human health.
The aim of the present study was the comparative evaluation of the effect of five different brewing methods on Rasa, phytochemical characterisation, HPTLC fingerprinting and antioxidant activity of modified rose tea.
Primary objectives:
• To evaluate and compare the Rasa of modified rose tea prepared by five different brewing methods.
• To analyse the phytochemical characterisation of modified rose tea prepared by five different brewing methods.
• To prepare HPTLC fingerprint and evaluate the effect of modified rose tea prepared by five different brewing methods.
• To evaluate the effect of brewing methods on antioxidant properties.
Secondary objectives:
• To evaluate the pharmacognostical characters (Macroscopic, Microscopic, and powder microscopy) of rose flowers as per API (6).
• To evaluate parameters of identity, purity, and strength as per API (6).
Research Hypothesis:
Null Hypothesis: (H0): There will be no significant difference in Rasa, phytochemical characterisation, HPTLC fingerprinting and antioxidant properties of Taruni peya (modified rose tea) prepared by five different brewing methods.
Alternate hypothesis: Brewing methods will affect the Rasa, phytochemical characterisation, HPTLC fingerprinting and antioxidant properties of modified rose tea.
Review of Literature
Rose flowers belong to the kingdom Plantae, division tracheophytes, class angiosperms, family Rosaceae, genus Rosa and species Rosa centifolia.
The Indian Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia also contains a monograph on the Shatapatrika (6). Since ancient times, roses, also referred to as edible flowers, have been utilised as culinary ingredients, either in their fresh form or in processed goods like beverages and confections (4). The creation of these drinks, which are frequently sold under the name of tea, involves a variety of brewing techniques including boiling, chilling, fermenting, etc., (3). According to reports, the tea made from rose blossoms has the most antioxidant power (5). The term “Shatapatri” or “Saptaparni,” which refers to a plant with 100 petals, is used in Ayurveda to refer to rose plants. The cooling qualities of the rose plant according to Ayurveda, help to lessen redness, irritation and inflammation of the skin. In Ayurvedic skincare products, rose petals are frequently used to hydrate the skin, minimise acne, and enhance skin texture. Polyphenols, flavonoids and other antioxidants found in abundance in rose plants can shield the body from oxidative stress (7). Rose petals can aid in preventing oxidative damage because of their strong antioxidant activity (8).
An experimental study will be conducted in MGACH & RC, Salod, Wardha, Maharashtra, India, from April 2024 to June 2025. The present study has been approved by Institutional Ethical Committee (IEC) (wide reference number: MGACHRC/IEC/Sep-2023/730, Dated 18/09/2023). Roses (Rosa centifolia Linn.) will be collected from the Prakriti herbal garden of the study Institute. The plant material will be authenticated and identified by FRLHT Bengaluru or BSI or Botany Department or by an authorised person of the Dravyaguna Department.
Sample size: 15
Rasa of the samples will be analysed using previously reported validated structured questionnaires based on parameters mentioned in Samhitas (GAU, Jamnagar) [9,10] preferably enrolling Ayurveda scholars as volunteers in the study.
Inclusion criteria:
• Volunteers with written informed consent;
• Healthy Ayurveda scholars of either sex and aged from 18-45 years.
Exclusion criteria:
• Volunteers with any habit of tobacco/gum/gutka etc., chewing.
• Volunteers with any diseases affecting the tongue, mouth or taste perception.
Study Procedure
Mature rose petals will be cleaned and washed under tap water, then dried in shade and coarsely powdered.
?
Dried cardamom pods will be powdered
?
Both drugs will be separately powdered in a mixer and sieved
?
Both will be stored in air-tight containers separately.
?
Take 5 gm dried rose petal powder +1 gm cardamom pods powder
?
Take 100 mL water. Boil it and turn off the flame
?
Add 6 gm powdered (will contain a mixture of 5 gm dried rose petals and 1 gm cardamom) in boiled water and let it steep
?
Strain out the powdered drug using fine mesh strainer
?
Add 2.5 gm Sita (candy sugar) for taste
Determination of Rasa: Taste with tongue (Charakasamhita, Sutrasthana 26/66) (11) criterion for determining the Rasa of the drugs.
Brewing methods:
Rationality of selecting below five methods- These five methods are predominantly used in Asian cultures as in Pakistan, China, India and Bangladesh (3).
1. Soft infusion (2),(3): In this preparation method, a tea bag containing five grams of dried rose flower powder will be soaked for 3-5 minutes in warm water that is between 75°C and 85°C. Chinese people prepare tea using this technique.
2. Hard infusion (2),(3): This brewing method involves infusing a tea bag for 25-30 minutes in warm, distilled water that ranges in temperature from 75-85°C.
3. Ambient infusion (2),(3): This method involves dipping of tea bag in distilled water at room temperature 25±2°C for 30-40 minutes.
4. Cold infusion (2),(3): In this method, the tea bag will be infused with distilled water and maintained at room temperature for 15 minutes. After that, the prepared infusion will be refrigerated for an hour.
5. Decoction method (2),(3): In this recipe, the tea bag will be placed in distilled water and boiled for 3-5 minutes.
Outcomes:
i) Drug analysis: Organoleptic characters:
a) Shabda (Sound)
b) Sparsha (Touch)
c) Rupa (Vision)
d) Rasa (Taste)
e) Gandha (Smell)
ii) Pharmacognostical study
Rose flower will be studied under the following heads (6)
a) A macroscopic study will be done by observing the characteristic features of the rose flower, as mentioned in the Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia of India (6).
b) Microscopic study will be done by taking a transverse section of a rose flower and microscopic features will be observed under the digital microscope as per mentioned in API (6).
c) Powder microscopy will be done by taking dried powder of the whole flower and structures will be observed under the digital microscope as per mentioned in API (6).
iii) Study of parameters of identity, purity and strength: Rose flower will be studied for:
a) Foreign matter: Any additional material discovered in drugs, whether it be biological, chemical, or physical;
b) Total ash is what remains after a sample is completely burned;
c) Acid-insoluble ash is the portion of ash that is insoluble in acid, or more precisely, insoluble in a diluted HCl solution;
d) Alcohol-soluble extractive is usually given as a percentage of the entire amount of the material being removed;
e) Water-soluble extractives how much of the drug’s content is soluble in water;
f) HPTLC fingerprinting.
iv) Rasa Nirdharana: Rasa of the drug will be analysed by previously reported method. (Charaka, Sushruta and other acharyas have described the method of the perception and determination of taste by putting a substance on the tongue in which the Rasa) perceived soon after the substance comes in contact with the tongue is called as Rasa) (9),(10).
v) Phytochemical characterisation (12),(13):
Qualitative tests will be performed on all samples using standard methods. Phytochemical analyses, including the Salkowski (for steroid), Molisch (for carbohydrate), Keller-Killiani (for glycoside), Shinoda test (for flavonoid), Dragendorff (for alkaloids) and Lead acetate solution tests (for tannin), will be carried out following Harbone’s standard protocol (14).
vi) HPTLC fingerprinting:
HPTLC fingerprinting will be obtained on a single plate and a comparative chromatogram will be analysed using suitable techniques/methods (15).
vii) Antioxidant property evaluation:
Antioxidant properties will be studied by using DPPH, FRAP and phosphomolybdenum assay (16),(17).
Statistical Analysis
GraphPad InStat for Windows version 3.06, La Jolla, CA, USA will be used for statistical evaluation. ANOVA test will be applied for comparison.
Doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2024/71431.20237
Date of Submission: Apr 23, 2024
Date of Peer Review: Jun 10, 2024
Date of Acceptance: Aug 24, 2024
Date of Publishing: Nov 01, 2024
AUTHOR DECLARATION:
• Financial or Other Competing Interests: Yes (by DMIHER, Wardha)
• Was informed consent obtained from the subjects involved in the study? No
• For any images presented appropriate consent has been obtained from the subjects. NA
PLAGIARISM CHECKING METHODS:
• Plagiarism X-checker: Apr 24, 2024
• Manual Googling: Jun 13, 2024
• iThenticate Software: Aug 23, 2024 (5%)
ETYMOLOGY: Author Origin
EMENDATIONS: 7
- Emerging Sources Citation Index (Web of Science, thomsonreuters)
- Index Copernicus ICV 2017: 134.54
- Academic Search Complete Database
- Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
- Embase
- EBSCOhost
- Google Scholar
- HINARI Access to Research in Health Programme
- Indian Science Abstracts (ISA)
- Journal seek Database
- Popline (reproductive health literature)
- www.omnimedicalsearch.com