Comparative Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength, Adhesive Remnant Index and Cytotoxicity of Different Orthodontic Adhesives: An In-vitro Study
Correspondence Address :
Dr. Ravindra Kumar Jain,
Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saveetha
Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences,
SIMATS University, Chennai-600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
E-mail: ravindrakumar@saveetha.com
Introduction: Orthodontic adhesives should possess adequate bond strength and biocompatibility. Inadequate bond strength may lead to bond failures, and if the adhesive is not biocompatible, it may result in allergic reactions. Therefore, it is of prime importance to study the cytotoxicity and Shear Bond Strength (SBS) of commercially available orthodontic materials.
Aim: This study aimed to comparatively evaluate in-vitro cytotoxicity, the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI), and SBS of various orthodontic adhesives.
Materials and Methods: This in-vitro study was conducted in an institutional setting as a collaborative effort between the Department of Orthodontics and White Lab-Blue Lab at Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India, from July 2023 to August 2023. Forty extracted human premolar teeth were bonded with four different ARI adhesives (U Bond, Enlight, Transbond XT, Aqualine LC) (n=10/group) and mounted on acrylic blocks. They were evaluated for SBS using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM), ARI using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and cytotoxicity using the MTT {3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide} assay on Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells (HGFC). Statistical analysis was performed using One-way ANOVA, with a post-hoc test for pairwise comparison to evaluate the SBS values, and the Kruskal-Wallis Test to analyse ARI inter group scores and cytotoxicity levels. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software (Version 23.0) was used to conduct the statistical tests.
Results: Significant differences in SBS values (p=<0.001) and ARI scores (p=<0.001) were noted between the different adhesives. No significant difference (p-value=0.534) in cytotoxicity was observed among all adhesives, with all exhibiting acceptable levels of biocompatibility.
Conclusion: Primer-based adhesive (Transbond XT) demonstrated the highest SBS and ARI scores among the various orthodontic adhesives, with acceptable levels of biocompatibility. No significant difference was found between the conventional primer-based adhesive (Transbond XT) and the Single Component Adhesive (SCA) (Aqualine LC). Therefore, this study advocates for the use of SCA in routine clinical practice.
iocompatibility, Biomaterials, Orthodontic bonding resins
10.7860/JCDR/2024/72999.20179
Date of Submission: May 20, 2024
Date of Peer Review: Jul 11, 2024
Date of Acceptance: Aug 01, 2024
Date of Publishing: Oct 01, 2024
AUTHOR DECLARATION:
• Financial or Other Competing Interests: None
• Was Ethics Committee Approval obtained for this study? No
• Was informed consent obtained from the subjects involved in the study? No
• For any images presented appropriate consent has been obtained from the subjects. Yes
PLAGIARISM CHECKING METHODS:
• Plagiarism X-checker: May 21, 2024
• Manual Googling: Jul 13, 2024
• iThenticate Software: Jul 31, 2024 (13%)
ETYMOLOGY: Author Origin
EMENDATIONS: 7
- Emerging Sources Citation Index (Web of Science, thomsonreuters)
- Index Copernicus ICV 2017: 134.54
- Academic Search Complete Database
- Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
- Embase
- EBSCOhost
- Google Scholar
- HINARI Access to Research in Health Programme
- Indian Science Abstracts (ISA)
- Journal seek Database
- Popline (reproductive health literature)
- www.omnimedicalsearch.com