Risk Assessment for Non-Communicable Diseases among Adults of 18 to 29 years Age in a Rural Area of Madurai District, Tamil Nadu, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Correspondence Address :
A Ra Boornema,
Assistant Professor, Department of Institute of Community Medicine, Madurai Medical College, Madurai-625020, Tamil Nadu, India.
E-mail: drpoornichandran@gmail.com
Introduction: Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. In India, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare reported a rise in mortality rates from 37% in 1990 to 61% in 2016. Additionally, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension among young adults was higher than estimated. As the behavioural risk factors are mainly established in adolescence, screening at an earlier age becomes essential.
Aim: To estimate the risk for diabetes mellitus and hypertension among individuals aged 18-29 years and to assess the association between the risk factors and at-risk individuals.
Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the field practice area of Madurai Medical College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India, to estimate the risk for diabetes mellitus and hypertension among individuals aged 18-29 years. The National Health Mission (NHM) protocol was used for risk assessment, based on American Diabetic Association (ADA) and Joint National Committee (JNC) 8 guidelines. Statistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 software.
Results: A total of 154 residents were included in the study. The mean age of the study participants was 24.64±4.70 years. Approximately 60% of the study participants were males and 40% were females. A total of 54% of the participants were married. Most subjects had completed high school (33.8%), followed by 28.6% who completed postgraduation. Disease categorisation revealed that 54 (35%) were non-diabetics, 89 (58%) were pre-diabetics, and 11 (7%) had diabetes mellitus. Similarly, 24 (16%) were non-hypertensive, 115 (75%) had high normal values, and 15 (9%) had probable stage I hypertension. A statistically significant association was observed between hypertension and educational level, alcoholism, Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), whereas diabetes mellitus was not significantly associated with any variables. The probabilistic prediction for hypertension using the logistic regression model included alcoholism and SBP, which contributed to 25.6% of the variations in prediction hypertension.
Conclusion: The study results highlight a significant burden of undiagnosed cases of diabetes and hypertension in the community. This indicates the need for systematic screening, early lifestyle modifications, appropriate treatment, and regular follow-up for such individuals.
Diabetes, Hypertension, Screening, Young adults
DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2024/68893.19404
Date of Submission: Dec 02, 2023
Date of Peer Review: Feb 08, 2024
Date of Acceptance: Mar 18, 2024
Date of Publishing: May 01, 2024
AUTHOR DECLARATION:
• Financial or Other Competing Interests: None
• Was Ethics Committee Approval obtained for this study? Yes
• Was informed consent obtained from the subjects involved in the study? Yes
• For any images presented appropriate consent has been obtained from the subjects. NA
PLAGIARISM CHECKING METHODS:
• Plagiarism X-checker: Dec 06, 2023
• Manual Googling: Mar 13, 2024
• iThenticate Software: Mar 15, 2024 (16%)
ETYMOLOGY: Author Origin
EMENDATIONS: 8
- Emerging Sources Citation Index (Web of Science, thomsonreuters)
- Index Copernicus ICV 2017: 134.54
- Academic Search Complete Database
- Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
- Embase
- EBSCOhost
- Google Scholar
- HINARI Access to Research in Health Programme
- Indian Science Abstracts (ISA)
- Journal seek Database
- Popline (reproductive health literature)
- www.omnimedicalsearch.com