Collapsing Pattern Class-IV Lupus Nephritis Presenting as Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome and Cardiac Tamponade: A Rare COVID-19 Sequelae
Correspondence Address :
Dr. K Harshitha Reddy,
Postgraduate Resident, Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha-442001, Maharashtra, India.
E-mail: harshureddy95@gmail.com
One of the most detrimental and severe presentations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is Lupus Nephritis (LN), which is a type of glomerulonephritis. Type-IV Lupus Nephritis, or diffuse Lupus Nephritis, is a severe illness characterised by diffuse proliferative lesions. In this setting, the prognosis worsens if cellular crescent is present. It is divided into two types: diffuse segmental and the other being diffuse global. Wire-loop lesions could also be observed. There have been reports of Collapsing Glomerulopathy (CG) in SLE patients with Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). The collapsing variety of FSGS (cFSGS) is defined histopathologically by segmental or global glomerular capillary condensation and obliteration, the appearance of hyperplastic and hypertrophic podocytes, and substantial tubulointerstitial damage. Numerous aetiologies have been proposed, including viral infections such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus, and Parvovirus B19, as well as medications and acute ischaemia. Patients infected with Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) have an increased risk of acute renal injury as there is a systemic inflammatory cascade due to an acute infection, causing impairment of basic cellular activities in podocytes. Hereby, the authors present a case report of a 17-year-old female who experienced cardiac tamponade and seizures due to Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES). Further investigation and kidney biopsy revealed she had lupus nephritis Stage-IV Diffuse Proliferative Glomerulonephritis (DPGN) but with the collapsing variety, which is a rare finding. Additionally, the patient tested positive for COVID-19, which may have contributed to the development of the collapsing type of DPGN.
Coronavirus Disease-2019, Glomerulopathy, Glomerulonephritis
DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2025/66976.20494
Date of Submission: Aug 10, 2023
Date of Peer Review: Oct 31, 2023
Date of Acceptance: Dec 07, 2023
Date of Publishing: Jan 01, 2025
AUTHOR DECLARATION:
• Financial or Other Competing Interests: None
• Was Ethics Committee Approval obtained for this study? Yes
• Was informed consent obtained from the subjects involved in the study? Yes
• For any images presented appropriate consent has been obtained from the subjects. Yes
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ETYMOLOGY: Author Origin
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