Comparsion of Intravenous Lignocaine, Tramadol and Keterolac for Attenuation of Propofol Injection Pain
Published: July 1, 2016 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2016/.8118
Harprit Kaur Madan, Rajinder Singh, Gurdip Singh Sodhi
1. Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care,
Hbt Medical College and Dr. R.N.Cooper Municipal Gen. Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
2. Assistant Professor, Department of General Surgery, Tn Medical College and Byl Nair Ch. Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
3. Senior Consultant, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Md Oswal Cancer Charitable Hospital and Research Centre, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
Correspondence Address :
Dr. Harprit Kaur Madan,
101/B, Cosmos Apts, 3rd Cross Lane, Lokhandwala Complex, Andheri West, Mumbai-53, India.
E-mail: drpreet@hotmail.com
Abstract
Introduction: Propofol possesses many characteristics of an ideal intravenous anaesthetic agent, providing a smooth induction and a rapid recovery. However, it has been reported to evoke considerable pain on injection in 10-100% of patients. The cause of pain upon intravenous injection of propofol remains a mystery.
Aim: To study and compare the efficacy of Lignocaine, Tramadol and Ketorolac in minimizing the propofol injection pain.
Materials and Methods: Hundred adult patients (ASA grade I and grade II) scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia with propofol as an inducing agent were considered for the study. Patients were randomly divided into 4 groups of 25 patients each Group L (lignocaine) Group T (tramadol) Group K (ketorolac) and Group N (normal saline). Pain scores were measured by the investigator immediately following injection of propofol. All patients’ responses were graded by a verbal pain score.
Results: All the results were tabulated and analysed using the one-way ANOVA and z-test. There was no statistically significant difference among group L (24%), T (28%) and K (28%) for pain on injection, but significant difference of all 3 groups was there when compared with group N.
Conclusion: Intravenous lignocaine, tramadol and ketorolac all 3 drugs significantly reduce propofol injection pain. However, lignocaine appears to be more acceptable cause of less pain and fewer side effects as compared to tramadol and ketorolac.
Keywords
Tourniquet, Analgesic, Injection pain